tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-356720452024-03-13T16:57:38.407+09:00Conflict TransformationA conflict is an incompatibility of goals. Peace is a harmonious way to transform conflicts empathically and creatively.Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.comBlogger230125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-27785002144611793622018-11-14T00:06:00.000+09:002018-11-14T00:06:22.694+09:00Empathy as a link between Tourism and Regenerative Development<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i style="font-family: Cambria;">This intervention was made at Remote Latin America </i><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><i>held</i></span><i style="font-family: Cambria;"> at Las Catalinas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, from November 5-9, 2018. </i></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">This is the world we live in today: We are more than 7.5 billion people and growing at a fast pace. Together we are consuming 50% more natural resources than what planet Earth can naturally regenerate. Carbon Dioxide levels have far exceeded what had been the long term average on Earth for approximately 4 million years. Hominids very similar to us started existing some 2 million years ago, so as a species we have never been here before. Exponential degradation also includes tropical forest loss, ocean acidification, marine fish capture, fertilizer consumption, water use and international tourism, including demographic growth and CO2 emissions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Every single industrial input necessary for work to be transformed into value of some sort comes from nature. This means that the economy depends on the ecology and not the other way around. So if we want to fix what is wrong with the world and at the same time improve our chances to flourish as a species, as a civilization, as a nation, as a community, as a corporation, as a family, as individuals, we need to figure out a way to regenerate degraded ecosystems, in part by reducing our voracious rate of consumption of natural resources, in part by transitioning from a linear way of production to a circular one, and in part by recovering lost land, habitats, biodiversity, that have been depleted. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I am here to talk about empathy, which I believe is one of the two key elements that can and will help us move from where we are to where we want to be as the most intelligent form of life. My favorite definition of conflict is a very simple one: an incompatibility of goals. Using this definition I would say that our rate of consumption of natural resources is incompatible with the planet’s ability to sustain human life as we know it. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said two weeks ago that if we don’t revert degrading trends in 12 years, catastrophic consequences may be inevitable and unstoppable. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">My favorite definition of peace is also quite simple: the ability to transform conflict empathically and creatively. This would mean that, in order to solve a conflict and achieve peace among the parties we must try to solve the problem for ourselves and also for the other; in other words, to put yourself in the other person’s shoes. You probably know the story of the two sisters that were at the kitchen and each one needed an orange to prepare a recipe that included one orange and there was only one orange left. So they started disputing and arguing over the orange to the point of physically struggling for the orange. The mother heard the yelling and came to the kitchen to see what was going on. When the sisters told her that they both needed the orange the mother asked them what they needed it for. One of them was going to make a salad dressing and needed the juice of the orange while the other was going to bake a cake and needed the orange peeling. Immediately, they both realized that they could actually share the orange and prepare both dishes; in other words, no incompatibility. This was only possible thanks to the mother’s facilitation and to the fact that the two conflicting parties were able to see the solution for the other’s problem. That is empathy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">There was once a man that got on the metro on a Sunday evening, not many people on board, with his three children. Almost immediately, the kids started playing around and making a lot noise, visibly disturbing the few passengers that were sitting nearby while the father seemed to not even pay attention to them. The disturbance got to a point that one of the passengers approached the father to ask him if he was going to do something about his children’s mess and the father responded to the man: “my wife just passed away and we are coming back from the hospital. I still don’t know how to explain this situation to them.” Of course, the man and everyone else listening to the conversation immediately developed a sense of compassion, understanding, kindness for the father. That is empathy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">You may be asking yourselves now what is empathy good for? Regeneration requires, above all, innovation to create something that does not exist. Innovation requires constraints. We cannot simply invent a new solution that is going to make an old problem worse. Constraints are limits within which we must imagine and visualize prosperity. For example, how can we feed 8 billion people without using fertilizers, using 100 times less water, 100 times less land, and reducing our carbon emissions to pre-industrial levels? Empathy can be used as a additional constraint: how can we create a prosperous world where we solve the problems to one billion people worldwide without access to electricity; two billion people without access to drinkable water; three billion people without access to three meals per day; and four billion people without access to the Internet. Are we thinking about them?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I propose that we all aspire to become billionaires. A billionaire is someone that can solve problems for a billion people. For example, we are reaching a billion tourist arrivals a year in the world. What do tourists want? You know this better than me. But from my past 16 years living in five different countries in four different continents, I would say that tourists want unique experiences, ethical fulfillment, exposure to exotic settings, and perhaps a confirmation of something deeply engrained in our humanity that we are constantly seeking and trying to figure out: that <b>similarities unite and differences enrich</b>. Before I was a government official I was an international volunteer for ten years and our mantra working across cultures was precisely this one: similarities unite; differences enrich. When this becomes a part of your set of available attitudes to choose from, then every interaction you have with another person or with a situation you quickly and easily can tell the commonality with your human nature and your culture and your interests, and also tell the differences, because real value comes from diversity. The regeneration the planet needs requires that artists and scientists and bankers and doctors and business people and teachers and children have more interaction among themselves exchanging points of view, ideas, and most importantly, develop empathy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">If we want to mitigate the ecological footprint we are having on the planet we will have to think creatively and empathically about other forms of life. Yes, we know we must plant trees because they absorb CO2 from the air, produce oxygen, create shade preventing sun rays to hit the soil, preserve water and release water vapor, and are the habitat for hundreds of other species of plants, animals and fungi. But the ultimate frontier of regeneration is agriculture, the way we produce the food we consume. Regeneration implies to transition CO2 from the atmosphere and move into the soil, making it more fertile. The key to this regeneration does not lie as much on transitioning to solar electricity or electric vehicles as on transitioning to current agricultural practices to agroecology, which is the study of the relation between agricultural practices and the environment according to the OECD. This could push us very quickly towards regeneration of ecosystems, reducing the negative impact on our ecosystems and working towards provoking positive impacts in nature. For example, does any of you have any idea what happens to the residue of our shampoo or out toothpaste after we use it? To put it simply: does anyone know which species in nature feeds on used shampoo or toothpaste? Or to turn the question around putting ourselves in the shoes of other species in our ecosystem: could we invent cosmetics and health products that actually have a nurturing impact in nature?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">How can we regenerate tourism? Can we visit a place without physically going to it? One option is virtual tourism. I already took a virtual tour at a museum in Sardinia, Italy. You may think it is not cool or boring, but I actually visited for 5-10 minutes how the ancient tribes of that island used to live 1500 years ago and I can tell you it was amazing. I want to see dinosaurs walking along the Grand Canyon and millions of turtles occupying beaches along the Eastern Australian coast. Did you know that it has been recently measured that neural activity of football fans celebrating a goal of their team is exactly the same as of the players actually celebrating the goal on the pitch? Talk about empathy! Can we take experiences to the people without them having to come to us? Can we take exotic destinations to them? What impact do we want to have in the world? Could we create a community of enthusiasts and amateur enthusiasts that will allow others to enjoy what they enjoyed at our hotels and destinations? A hashtag creates a community, unites us, and develops empathy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Since I am speaking about technology, I wish to raise awareness about a particular issue that is already affecting the world and will accelerate its impact on everything we do. I refer to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is conceived as the industrial evolution towards the sphere of artificial intelligence where data is the new raw material. We are all generating enormous amounts of data even if we do not intend to. The Internet of Things implies that nearly 30 billion devices today are connected and sending signals through the Internet. In ten years from now this figure will likely quadruple. This means we are leaving a digital trace that many companies are using to learn more about you as a consumer and better target digital solutions for you. Could you think of ways in which you could target better solutions for your customers? This is the mindset required today in your industry to position yourselves on the crest of the wave that is forming through technology. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I would like to finish this intervention on a personal note. My grandmother, whose name is Esperanza, and for those non-Spanish speakers it means “hope”, is 103 years old. My younger daughter Inga is 18 months old. If Inga has my grandmother’s genes, she will be 103 in the year 2120. Empathy helps me understand that I am the link between the early XX Century when my grandmother was born, and the early XXII Century where my daughter will live her last years of life, and most likely my own grandchildren will grow and thrive. So it is up to me, right here and now, to do all I can to ensure that they will have the best quality of life that their natural surroundings will have to offer, just like we must do the best we can with what my grandmother and her generation have inherited upon us from their time on this Earth. Because, if not us, then who? And if not now, then when?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt;">Thank you.</span>Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-31580295419231807062017-05-24T02:02:00.002+09:002017-05-24T02:02:43.091+09:00Speech at SIDA - Stockholm on trade, climate and development<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Trade, climate and development <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Speech at the Swedish International Development
Agency (SIDA)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Stockholm, Sweden<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">May 23, 2017<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A Swiss investment bank has an interesting
slogan: “A long view improves our view of the short term.” This is a very
special month to me. Earlier in May my grandmother turned 102 and she keeps
lucid and in good health. Also, any day now –hopefully not today- my wife will
give birth to our second child. If this child enjoys the life expectancy of my
grandmother, he or she will be alive in the year 2119. So when we speak about
end-of-the-century scenarios I take it personal even though I will not be here.
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I wish to mention briefly six issues that
relate to our topic of today. First of all, the multilateral trading system is
showing serious dysfunctions between what it should be doing and what it is
doing. It should be doing all it can, as fast as possible, to implement all
trade policy mechanisms that will allow us to reach the Agenda 2030 Sustainable
Development Goals ideally way ahead of their deadlines. Instead, what we are
doing is better illustrated by a Spanish fable of a group of rabbits that were
hanging out in the forest when suddenly one yelled “dogs are coming!” One
rabbit went to have a look and determined it was a pack of retrievers. “They
are retrievers”, he announced. Another rabbit went to verify and corrected,
“no, they are hounds”. And so the discussion began: Retrievers! Hounds!
Retrievers! Hounds! In the end, the dogs arrived and ate all the rabbits. The
WTO is still uncertain whether it wants to retain the Doha Round architecture
or move into something else. The WTO is still unsure what it wants to talk
about, like new issues that were not included in the Doha Round, or even old
issues such as e-commerce, in which a moratorium has existed and has been
renewed every two years since 1998 on the issue of electronic transactions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Second, the private sector is highly engaged in
the green growth agenda. A group of more than 280 global investors worth some
US$17 trillion, has requested the G7 targeted climate and energy plans for
2050, a phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies and carbon pricing, and adoption
of policies for low carbon investment. This remarkable leadership should be
backed with the corresponding public policymaking required to implement such an
agenda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Third, the SDG agenda that the WTO should be
addressing and discussing with all its resources and human capital should
contain concrete results on: a) fisheries subsidies; b) fossil fuel subsidies;
c) clean energy and environmental goods; d) e-commerce (trade policy for the
digital economy); e) sustainable agriculture and food stockpiles (and not the
agriculture from the 1970s); and f) responsible production and consumption
(trade policy for the circular economy), among others. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Fourth, the issue of sea level rise should be
top of mind of all policymakers worldwide, not least at the WTO. The Arctic is
very close to my heart as I lived in the Norwegian Arctic for two years and the
estimates of sea level rise for 2100 factor in possible melting scenarios of
the Arctic including Greenland, which are vast amounts of frozen fresh water.
But that figure is dwarfed by the amount of water that is frozen in Antarctica
and that scientists are starting to scratch the surface to determine not
whether it is melting, but how fast and how much water would it release into
the world’s oceans. In other words, catastrophic sea level rise, the one that
will displace hundreds of millions of peoples that live within a kilometer of
the coast will likely come from the south pole which we barely know anything
about. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Fifth, regarding fossil fuels, Costa Rica has
been taxing them heavily instead of subsidizing its consumption. Unlike many
other countries that use fossil taxes to finance government spending, Costa
Rica created, since 1988, the first known mechanism of payment for
environmental services (PES) through which reforestation has been incentivized.
After nearly 30 years of this policy, forest coverage has more than doubled,
influx of tourists seeking ecological tourism has grown ten fold, and the
economy has grown seven times. This proven story of success is adaptable to all
tropical developing countries that possess half of the fertile land and water
of the planet and that hold such abundance of natural capital and renewable
resources. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Finally, many of you watched in excitement the
amazing close-up pictures of Jupiter taken by Juno, a remarkable piece of
technology that brought the giant planet closest to human civilization than ever
before. This was in part due to the amazing coverage that NASA does on social
media of space exploration. They figured out how to make space exploration cool
so the younger generations are learning and excited and engaged about it. Is
there any better way of promoting the study of science in this day and age? So
we must keep this in mind and figure out a way to make trade and climate action
cool, most particularly from a development angle, which is what millennials
care about: will I have a job and will it matter to solve the problems that my
generation did not create but needs to address to live in peace and prosperity.
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Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-11275238250355147362017-01-19T07:10:00.000+09:002017-01-19T07:10:43.485+09:00Xi Jinping en la ONU-Ginebra: el nuevo liderazgo global ha llegado<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PTT9BTq_f6g/WH_nTbJmmTI/AAAAAAAAKp4/M1nGqgjhjk4V48iYHUFm4EKawBqh5U6RQCLcB/s1600/20170118_XiJinping.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PTT9BTq_f6g/WH_nTbJmmTI/AAAAAAAAKp4/M1nGqgjhjk4V48iYHUFm4EKawBqh5U6RQCLcB/s320/20170118_XiJinping.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Hace varios años no sentía el
optimismo y la esperanza por el futuro del planeta y de la humanidad como sentí
esta noche, mientras escuchaba al presidente chino, Xi Jinping, en su discurso
en el salón principal de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra. Me hizo recordar los
años en China en los que escuché docenas o quizás cientos de veces los
discursos oficiales del gobierno que repetían incansablemente los valores de
paz y reconciliación, justicia e igualdad, soberanía y gobernanza inclusiva,
como elementos sin los cuales era imposible alcanzar el verdadero desarrollo,
uno que fuera, además, sostenible. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">El presidente Xi empezó su
reflexión recordándonos que sólo existe un planeta Tierra en el universo y que
es el único hogar que tiene la humanidad. La claridad incuestionable con la que
manifestó el compromiso de su país por combatir el cambio climático me recordó
que, durante los últimos diez años, ningún país ha invertido más en energías
renovables que China. Están haciendo lo correcto sin dilaciones y con una asertividad
inusual entre los liderazgos que vemos hoy en día en el planeta. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">No sólo se refirió al Acuerdo de
París, sino que hizo referencia específica a un crecimiento verde y bajo en
emisiones de carbono, además de la necesidad de contar con un estilo de vida
que sea circular en el uso de recursos naturales. Llevo 15 años leyendo esta
teoría y jamás pensé escucharla en un líder público. Pues lo escuché esta noche,
y, más que sorprenderme, me dio enorme gusto saber que fue del líder chino. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Continuó diciendo que el ser
humano debe vivir en armonía con la naturaleza y que todo daño que le causamos
al medio ambiente se nos devolverá en algún momento y de alguna forma. De
manera muy poética, como sólo el idioma mandarín lo permite, dijo que
difícilmente nos percatamos del aire, del agua, de la tierra o del cielo azul
cuando los tenemos, pero que sin ellos no sería posible sobrevivir. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Con la misma seriedad y sentido
de urgencia de combatir el cambio climático se refirió a la necesidad de aunar
esfuerzos para eliminar todas las armas nucleares, combatir el terrorismo global, la problemática de millones de
refugiados alrededor del mundo y atacar las enfermedades contagiosas en cada
rincón del planeta. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">En lo económico, expresó su
deseo de que se sigan las normas comerciales multilaterales de la Organización
Mundial del Comercio para alcanzar una globalización económica que nos permita
agrandar el pastel y asegurarnos de compartirlo de manera justa y equitativa. Dijo
que la realidad global también ofrece soluciones, y que lo más importante que
China aprendió de la gran recesión global que inició en 2008, es que se debe
fortalecer la coordinación en la gobernanza global para promover un crecimiento
económico global abierto, incluyente, balanceado y beneficioso para todos sin
excepción. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">En lo político, se refirió a las
intenciones chinas de forjar relaciones bajo la premisa sinérgica de
ganar-ganar con los principales socios políticos y comerciales, y establecer
alianzas basadas en el diálogo y no en la confrontación, ni en el criterio de
poderío hegemónico de imponer intereses y valores en otros. Mencionó la
importancia de alcanzar acuerdos por medios pacíficos e idear nuevos mecanismos
más eficaces para resolver conflictos. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">En temas de paz, nos recordó una
verdad que a veces olvidamos, quizás porque tenemos el sesgo o la adicción por
los conflictos más que por la paz. Dijo que las fuerzas de la paz exceden
enormemente los factores de la guerra, y cuánta razón la que tiene. Luego citó
mi manual de paz favorito, el milenario texto que guía los asuntos de Estado de
los gobiernos chinos desde hace 2500 años: “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">El Arte de la Guerra es de
importancia vital para el Estado. Es una cuestión de vida o muerte, el camino
hacia la salvación o hacia la ruina. De ahí que es un asunto que no debe ser
ignorado</i></b>.” Afirmó, precisamente, que es un conjunto de preceptos éticos
para alcanzar la paz y que debemos estudiarlo cuidadosamente. ¡Todos a
desempolvar el librito! En la misma dirección de la paz, celebró la diversidad
cultural de todos los pueblos y que la interdependencia entre ellos nos conduce
hacia la innovación y la prosperidad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Sin duda, el presidente Xi le ha
hecho honor al tema del Foro Económico Mundial de Davos de esta semana sobre
liderazgo responsable. Incluso citó a Confucio y su versión milenaria de la
regla de oro: “lo que no desees para ti, no lo hagas a otros,” y reafirmó que
China estará bien sólo cuando el resto del mundo esté bien. Más claro no canta
un gallo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">A propósito de gallos, celebró
por anticipado el inicio del Año del Gallo de Fuego o gallo dorado que inicia
el próximo 28 de enero y dijo que el canto del gallo dorado implica un nuevo
amanecer para todos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Todo el discurso ha sido música
para mis oídos. Reflexioné en algo que he pensado desde que empecé a ser
usuario de redes sociales, y es que somos lo que comemos, una simple verdad que
aplica tanto para los alimentos con los que nutrimos el cuerpo, como para la
información con la que instruimos el intelecto y cultivamos el espíritu. La
diferencia entre ruina y prosperidad bien podría estar en nuestras actitudes y
en la información de la que se nutren. Así que me pueden servir este discurso
para el desayuno, para el almuerzo y para la cena, todos los días de esta semana.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-34736238333021615942016-12-14T06:54:00.001+09:002016-12-14T06:54:33.139+09:00Escúpanme a mí // Spit me<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rRIp-hgQR2Y/WFBtD8cKZUI/AAAAAAAAKmA/zJcNux4viDg4zzK8KmFdL5Y5IShKRIDLgCLcB/s1600/Gandhi-gi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rRIp-hgQR2Y/WFBtD8cKZUI/AAAAAAAAKmA/zJcNux4viDg4zzK8KmFdL5Y5IShKRIDLgCLcB/s320/Gandhi-gi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[English below]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Escúpanme
a mí. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Necesitaba
esto. Tenía pendiente desde hacía casi dos años que llegué a Ginebra pasar a
visitar la estatua de Gandhi que hay en el parque Ariana. La leyenda rezaba “mi
vida es mi mensaje”. Hoy más que nunca recordé otra frase suya que es como un
golpe en el tambor de mi marcha: “Sé el cambio que quieres ver en el mundo.” El
cambio climático no respeta fronteras políticas. Las emisiones de gas carbónico
ocupan toda la atmósfera del planeta incluyendo los mares, que son tres cuartas
partes de la superficie de este y también están subiendo de temperatura,
igual que la tierra firme y el aire. Tengo claro y respeto que cada pueblo sea soberano de designar a los gobernantes que prefiera. Glorificar a un alto
dirigente de la industria cuyo sub-producto tóxico atenta contra el tejido que
nutre y sostiene la vida en la Tierra, es un escupitajo en el rostro de mi hija y
de todos los pequeñines de su generación. Gandhi hubiera dicho “escúpanme a mí,
que puedo lidiar con toda esa violencia que traen dentro los que escupen.” Así
que escúpanme a mí. Yo no me daré por vencido. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">*Esta
es una manifestación a título personal y no refleja, de ninguna manera, la posición
oficial de la Administración Solís Rivera ni del Estado costarricense. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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---</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Spit
me. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">I
needed this. For nearly two years since I arrived in Geneva I had been meaning
to visit a statue of Gandhi-gi at Ariana Park. The leyend read “my life is my
message”. Today more than ever I remembered a phrase of his that still beats
the drum of my march: “Be the change you want to see in the world.” Climate
change does not respect political borders. Carbon emissions occupy the whole
atmosphere of the planet, including the oceans, which are three quarters of its surface and are also gaining heat, same as land and air. I understand
and respect that each nation is in its sovereign right to designate the rulers
it chooses. To glorify a high officer of the industry whose toxic by-product
threatens the very web that nurtures and sustains life on Earth, is a spit on
the face of my daughter and all the little ones in her generation. Gandhi
would have said “spit me, that I can deal with all that violence inside those
who spit.” So spit me. I will not give up. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">*This
is a personal opinión and does not reflect, in any way, the official position of
the Solís Rivera Administration nor of the Costa Rican State. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-50148060273577018892016-09-28T00:08:00.000+09:002016-09-28T00:20:43.413+09:00Make climate action cool<br />
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
“<u>Making climate action cool</u>”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Intervention at UNEP workshop on the <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Trade and technology nexus to achieve <o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Agenda 2030 goals for developing countries<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->As you may
know, the Earth spins on its axis at 1600 kilometers per hour. Its orbital
speed around the sun is of 108,000 kilometers per hour. Now, as some of you may
know, last July NASA achieved the remarkable goal of putting a spacecraft in
Jupiter’s orbit. By the name Juno, it launched from Earth on August 2011. In
October 2013, it encountered Earth’s orbit again and used it as a slingshot to
gain significant speed on its travel voyage towards Jupiter. Five years and 2.8
billion kilometers later, Juno slowed down to avoid crashing against Jupiter’s
gravity forces and enter into orbit, which was achieved successfully. A
remarkable fact is that the top speed it reached on this trajectory was 265,000
kilometers per hour, or more than twice the orbital speed of Earth around the
sun. Another remarkable fact is that it traveled all this distance and reached
this astounding speed using solar energy as predominant source. What NASA has
done is commendable indeed: they have made aerospace science and exploration
cool. If someone like me can share this story with you is because I was drawn
into NASA’s social media outlets and explanations for the non-technical public.
Bravo, NASA!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->I am from
Costa Rica, and it is a country that has a very cool brand. We are a
sought-after destination for ecological tourism, we generate 100% of our
electricity from renewable sources, our economy has tripled in the last 30
years and in that same period of time our forest coverage has doubled,
representing a unique case worldwide in the last 50 years. This can be
considered a good example of regenerative development, where growth is both in
financial and natural capital simultaneously. We have learned throughout the
decades that there is a virtuous spiral between renewable energies,
environmental conservation, forest coverage, biodiversity, ecological tourism,
services, jobs, and wellbeing. This is a recipe we believe can be considered by
countries with similar geographical location and climate, many of which face
considerable developmental challenges. May I remind you about the billion
people worldwide without access to electricity; the two billion people without
access to drinkable water; the three billion people without access to three
meals per day; and the four billion people without access to the Internet. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Regarding Sustainable
Development Goal 13a., related to the creation of a Green Climate Fund that
hopes to raise US$100 billion/year to finance mitigation efforts in developing
countries, it is a fact that globally we are spending US$1.5 trillion/year in
military equipment. Only a 6% reduction in this expenditure would provide all
the cash required by the Fund. Let’s choose our battles wisely!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->One of the
most important lessons learned from the Paris Agreement is a successful mindset
that positively affected the attitudes and behaviors of key participants in the
process. This included optimism to always expect a brighter future; imagination
to create an innovative agreement; vision to have a broader, more long-term
approach; strategic thinking to prioritize actions with key stakeholders; and the
ability to design a critical path to take the necessary steps to make it work. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Regarding
the Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) currently under negotiation at the
World Trade Organization (WTO), it is an agreement whose aim is partially
assisting climate change mitigation and adaptation, partially improving
insertion into Global Value Chains (GVC), and also fostering innovation. Costa
Rica can share the success story of the Information Technology Agreement (ITA)
signed in 1996, which allowed the country to attract an important investment
like the manufacturing plant of INTEL, which at its peak of production was
exporting from Costa Rica 99% of all server microprocessors used worldwide.
This created a high-tech cluster that triggered the development of multiple small
and medium enterprises (SMEs) that engaged in GVCs through innovation and high
competitiveness. INTEL decided in 2014 to transfer its manufacturing plant from
Costa Rica to Asia and decided to leave in Costa Rica an innovation lab. This
means that Costa Rica has moved, in 20 years, from agricultural production to
high-tech manufacturing to high-tech innovation, creating enormous value for
the company, its suppliers and the world in general. The most important aspect
of this success story is that education has been at the core of it, from school
preparedness to the ability to develop public-private partnerships with higher
education institutions to adapt to the needs of foreign multinationals, to
being able to develop world-class talent to operate at the highest level of
performance. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Another
important topic related to trade and climate action taking place at the WTO is
the leadership of the group of Friends of Fossil Fuels Subsidy Reform which
seeks the elimination of these subsidies that, according to the World Bank and
the International Monetary Fund, amount to US$500 billion/year. Furthermore,
they have calculated the social cost of these subsidies at US$4 trillion/year.
Reducing them would immediately create incentives for renewable energies by
proving fossil energy not cost competitive without such subsidies.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Clean
technology offers the possibility to address different needs through different
solutions. For example, geothermal energy should be prioritized wherever there
is an accessible volcano. Solutions should grow organically from there. Is it
towards clean tech manufacturing clusters or towards agriculture or towards
ecological tourism? It will depend on each case. It is important to consider a
different paradigm when thinking about clean tech. For example, an electric car
is a great solution to a particular problem of carbon emissions, but better
than an electric car is an electric bus that can provide massive, public and clean
transportation. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Innovation
requires that we identify the constraints within which we must innovate. For
example, why do researchers work on the vaccine of a disease they are not
suffering? They have the constraints and they look for potential developments
that will advance the knowledge and science and technology frontiers
organically in a variety of directions depending on the findings and additional
constraints incorporated along the way. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Humanity
has put a satellite on Jupiter’s orbit powered with renewable energy. We have
the challenge to make climate action cool. Millennials know what is cool, not
only because they are young and in every generation it is the youth who
determine what is cool and what is not, but because millennials are not
motivated by money or power or glory, but by purpose. We are not rocket
scientists but is this the best we can do to make climate action cool? If we
don’t do it, then who? And if we don’t do it now, then when? Thank you. <o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-83883165359691952292016-08-11T07:17:00.001+09:002016-08-11T07:17:06.341+09:00On life management<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">On life management, I don’t know enough but I have experimented with
a few tips that became habits and are now methods to deal within this complex
system we call life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">To begin with, on life-work balance (note the change in order of the
first two terms), I am here to live, I’m not here to work. I live 24 hours a
day but only work a fraction of that. If I want to be at my prime performance,
I need to sleep eight hours per night, every night of the week. I also need to
spend some essential time “sharpening the saw” to remain effective at what I
do. Things like exercising, reading, writing, connecting with others (not least
my two year-old toddler and my lovely wife) make me a better person, a better
professional, a better househusband. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">I like to apply the Pareto principle to my productivity: to achieve
80% of the impact of my work in 20% of my time. It both means that I, like
everybody else, have peaks of hyper-productive performance, and also that, in
the near 33% of my day that I have left for work, 60% of it should render that
level of desired impact. I have the fortune of not being hand labor as it was
conceived in the XIX Century, where productivity was a function of repetitive
tasks over a prolonged period of time. We are mind workers on a knowledge-based
economy. At least that’s where most of new value comes from these days, from
our minds and not from extraction of natural resources as it was last century. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">Second, optimism is an attitude. This means that you can choose it
at any given moment. If you every feel anxious, or fearful, or regretful about
anything, especially regarding the use of your time that is already gone for
good, interrupt that thought and spend ten minutes doing something you consider
as productive. Set a timer for those ten minutes and go at it. I guarantee you
will feel different when the alarm goes off because nothing is more motivating
than action. It is important not to confuse optimism with delusion. It is also
important to be realistic. But this is something one can only be here and now.
And optimism is definitely better than any of its alternatives when it comes to
visualizing a greener, more prosperous path ahead. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">About those ten minutes, I imagine life broken into multiple
ten-minute slots. Everything you do is pretty much constrained into one or a
few of these pockets of time-energy. You can achieve remarkable things if you
dedicate ten minutes per day during 30 years to pretty much anything. For
example, it is said that one can learn the basics of a language with 300 hours
of study. That is 1800 10-minute pockets, or roughly five years if you practice
10 minutes per day. This means that in 30 years of studying 10 minutes per day
you could learn the basics of five languages. How come not everybody at the age
60 speaks at least five languages?!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">Third, I beg to differ from His Holiness, The Dalai Lama, when he
suggests that the purpose of life is to be happy. Happiness is an individual accomplishment.
I believe we are intelligent, social beings and our role as members of humanity
is to aspire for prosperity, which is a collective achievement. What good would
it make to be the only happy person in your community, or the only happy nation
in the world? We need to ensure our neighbors and fellow citizens of the world
enjoy prosperity too. In that regard, prosperity is the collective attitude of
optimism. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">Fourth, every pocket of time has an opportunity cost. In fact, the
costs are infinite if you consider everything else you could be doing during
that same time. It would drive us crazy to think about this all the time.
Instead, think about the big bang-like potential that every pocket of time has
for you. In my case, I would say spending time with my wife doing whatever is a
hundred times more enriching and nurturing than if I were alone. Similar to
what I believe is my role as a father. I have perhaps three ten-minute pockets
of time per day with my daughter. If I regard her unconditionally and positively
for those minutes, interacting with her in the most engaging, constructive
manner I can, I will be performing my duties as her caretaker and “universe
discovery process” facilitator, which is what parents should be anyway. Most
likely, I hope, there will be no room for regrets in 20 years time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Finally, start with why, as Simon Sinek suggests. Find your purpose,
or that thing you would like to be considered an expert at in 30 years from
now, regardless of your age. Who knows, you might get there, so you might as
well have spent a good 10,000 hours doing something you particularly like that
gives you a sense of purpose to make this a better place to live, if only as
selfishly as for yourself, but hopefully for a larger potion of humanity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-39261032986180918842016-07-02T00:32:00.001+09:002016-07-02T00:32:20.875+09:00Three ideas on climate action <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A few interesting ideas have come up in the
last few days regarding the link between trade and climate action. The first
one is the possibility of having a mechanism similar to Aid For Trade that
could allow to more effectively channel cooperation from the Green Climate Fund
to those countries that need it most. This fund has been agreed by global
consensus through the Paris Agreement and will consist of US$100 billion/year
from 2020. Aid For Trade has been an effective mechanism making impact
investment in least developed countries (LDCs) to help them improve their
trading capabilities, infrastructure, policies, etc. In fact, one good question
to ask is how versatile is the Aid For Trade mandate to adapt to climate
priorities being financed by the Climate Fund. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The second one was an idea elaborated at a
clean energy technologies forum, which argued that technology was the main
cause of climate change and, therefore, the main force for transformation. I
found the argument very interesting because it removed the typical “blame game”
that usually points fingers at developed countries or fossil-dependent
economies and moved it towards technology, which all nations alike use one way
or another. Most importantly, it points the critical route of action in the direction
of all the new technologies –some which don't even exist yet – and the fast
deployment and implementation that we all have to go through, developing and
developed countries alike. Something resonated in my head and it was the idea
that a fossil-based economy’s wealth comes to the detriment of everyone’s
(environmental) poverty. Pollution makes us poorer. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The third idea came up at a conversation among
a few friends of the WTO in which there was a tit-for-tat kind of discussion.
If major subsidizers of domestic agriculture do not acknowledge the need to
reduce those subsidies themselves, then the rest of the world won’t do anything
to eliminate such subsidies for themselves. The prisoner’s dilemma in its
clearest form: who moves first? It is very important to understand that the
currency that makes the world go round in every civilized human interaction we
experience is trust. Without it, not even a stoplight works. Not even buying
groceries. We trust each other predominantly in everything we do. We buy a
drink trusting it will not be toxic, or a car trusting it will be safe. But
when it comes to multilateral negotiations, mistrust is the name of the game. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My opinion is that we can’t wait for the
largest polluters to discipline their transition to a low carbon economy. We are
not continuing our discussions at the WTO as a follow-up for what the
ministerial conference at Nairobi was or was not. We are now in a post-Paris
Agreement scenario, where all hands are on deck to make the swift transformation
required to avoid a global warming beyond a maximum 2C over the long-term
average. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In that same way, we cannot wait for
subsidizers to eliminate their domestic support unilaterally before we take
action about it. We can make economic or legal or political sense of the
different arguments to bring people around the table. Most importantly, this
conversation is absolutely ineffective to the most critical and urgent global the
table. Most importantly, this conversation is absolutely ineffective to the
most critical and urgent goals our planet faces. If we can’t overcome prisoners’
dilemmas in trade negotiations, we might have to shift the purpose of why we
are doing this ultimately: for life to thrive on Earth. Otherwise, there is no
business in a dead planet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-58179933595301112402016-01-01T07:45:00.000+09:002016-01-01T07:45:17.815+09:00Only real win-win scenario <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rV-W_KxyNC8/VoWvi9IBElI/AAAAAAAAJ4E/6h-avTsmcKc/s1600/ENV_Worldometers_20151231.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="177" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rV-W_KxyNC8/VoWvi9IBElI/AAAAAAAAJ4E/6h-avTsmcKc/s320/ENV_Worldometers_20151231.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image capture from www.worldometers.info on December 31st, 2015, at 18:00 GMT.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">Another year has passed with a gigantic human footprint on the
planet, unfortunately a very negative one. Yet, there are reasons to revitalize
optimism in the wake of 2016. By some accounts, 2015 saw a worldwide reduction
in carbon emissions in relation to economic growth, which would confirm a
tendency already suggested in 2014, when emissions remained constant even
though the global economy grew. But that’s not the point. The point is that we
are still pouring 35 billion metric tons of a highly toxic gas that will remain
in the atmosphere for centuries, as a result of aggregate human activity in all
corners of the planet. [<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">To put this
figure in perspective, a metric ton of carbon fills up <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtqSIplGXOA&list=PL6A78051425207872" target="_blank">a sphere that is 10 meters in diameter</a> and if we would enter in it, we would die in less than 10
minutes.</b>]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">At this stage of the XXI Century, no one can deny, question or
pretend to ignore the effect civilization has on the atmosphere, precisely the
bubble that holds the conditions to support life on Earth, the only planet in
the known universe of which we have scientific proof that life exists. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">It is urgent for our generation, as it starts to take the lead
worldwide in high-impact, public and private decision-making, to place, atop our
list of strategic priorities, innovation and design to reinvent all human
endeavors and channel them towards a new paradigm of regenerative development.
It suggests to create and distribute wealth while recovering natural capital,
which is the source of all inputs and raw materials used in agricultural,
industrial and digital production and provision of services, and, at the same
time, enables the flourishing and coexistence of all life forms that precisely
enrich and feed back into that very capital. This is the only real win-win
scenario there is. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">I am not suggesting abandoning capitalism, consumerism or hedonism.
Each person must be individually responsible for his or her ideologies, ideals
and values. It is, nevertheless, absolutely mandatory, to unconditionally
comply with the ethical maxim of sustainability, so that all life forms fit in
the planet forever. There is no business on a dead planet and we have no
plan(et) B. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">The climate action required by the Earth is not a responsibility or
interest of a few of us. Everyone, without exception, is a crew member on this
spacecraft that travels at a very high velocity around the sun, within the
solar system, inside a galaxy among billions in a universe that keeps expanding
into the vast unknown. We must learn fast and implement public and private
policies that result in regenerative development, since there is nothing more
important for any rational, sensible and sane human organization –be it a
corporation, school, cult or family— to guarantee its existence beyond the
lifespan of their current members. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">More of this is what we need urgently, and I mean, a matter of life
or death. I know 2016 will bring greater climatic challenges and a more
shocking reality, but also a more authentic and effective leadership in search
for solutions. It is not difficult to achieve the required transformation, but
it is certainly impossible if we do not try.</span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-36424564942632212842015-11-17T04:58:00.001+09:002015-11-17T04:58:48.728+09:00The dynamics of terrorAn act of terror is inflicted upon all of humanity, regardless of whether we are direct or indirect victims. Some victims don't live to tell what they went through; others carry the trauma throughout their lives; the rest, who are the vast majority of us, become overwhelmed by fear. Terrorism is powerful because we let it be.<br />
<br />
It would be pointless to try to comfort survivors or the relatives of fatal victims of a terrorist attack by saying that we all feel the same, that this pain and suffering has equally fallen upon us. It simply hasn't.<br />
<br />
In truth, terrorism does not have the purpose to cause the most damage possible. It has only one objective, which is to inflict as much fear to as many people for as long as possible. In that sense, millions and millions of people are victims for the rest of their lives.<br />
<br />
Only in 2015, there have been almost 10,000 gun murders in the United States. It is more than three times the number of deaths by terrorism on U.S. soil since September 11th. This other kind of random violence also inflicts fear among the entire population and even beyond their borders.<br />
<br />
The origin of fear is fairly simple: we are exposed to certain information about something undesirable that has happened to someone else, and we project it as something that is likely to happen to us in our future. As fear increases, so does our level of certainty about this sinister occurrence.<br />
<br />
One of the negative by-products of globalization has been religious terrorism. Some claim that one could go as far back as 500 years, when in the name of a Christian god millions of people were "baptized to death" during days of European kings in their overseas colonial adventures. The last 20 years, the kind of terrorism we have seen, the one that is broadcast day and night on TV and social media, has made us all so very fearful. We have been terrorized, especially in Western cultures, where several generations of us had never been exposed to such levels of despicable violence close to us. And the more terrorized we become, the more we want to consume that featured terror, even on a mobile device near you.<br />
<br />
Watching the news, especially videos, about terrorist attacks, reinforces the belief that something as horrible as that could and will happen to us. It triggers a permanent sensation of fear and terror. It ends up breaking us, surrendering to the slavery that comes not when a man subdues another, but when a person gives up on her own liberties.<br />
<br />
Fear is an attitude. We can choose it or we can choose any other attitude. As simple as that. We could choose to be brave, instead. Or compassionate. Or proactive, empathic, you name it. Doing so, we would perceive different moods and other feelings, not only within ourselves but also towards others. Our impact in society would be different. Our leadership would be constructive. Our character would shine out of virtue.<br />
<br />
Fear paralyzes. It weakens us. It steals our sense of optimism, our hope for a more prosperous future, our willingness to be good samaritans, exemplary citizens, better persons altogether.<br />
<br />
We all hurt with terror. But if we survived, and more so if we have not even been witnesses of such unspeakable acts of horror, we must dust ourselves, wipe our tears and get back on our feet. This world needs more good people to do the right thing: to love, to care for those in need, to guide, to lead. As Edmund Burke reminds us, "All it takes for evil to prevail is for good [people] to do nothing."Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-30630830919815458952015-11-15T05:09:00.002+09:002015-11-15T07:50:46.279+09:00Alienation and civilization from Paris to the world <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Last week, I spent a couple of hours at a restaurant in République,
the Parisian neighborhood where a bar was struck by a horrific episode of
brutal and lethal violence last night. This morning, I imagined myself in that
same place shuffling chairs and tables trying to run away from the bullets,
feeling my heart beating inside my throat, adrenaline rushing through my entire
body, focused on escaping the infernal scene of madness, being reached by a
deadly bullet and knowing that was the end of my story: murdered randomly,
victim of the alienation that has invaded many men in my generation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">Alienation is the estrangement or loss of contact with reality.
Among the many causes that may lead to it are drug consumption, sports
fanaticism, fiction from books, movies or video games, religion, social
exclusion, violence, and indoctrination of all sorts. The perpetrators of such
heinous acts of terror, in Paris and in other places around the world, are
alienated. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">There is no simple cause or explanation. Some of them belong to the
“lost generation”, kids that migrated to Europe at a young age and remained at
the margins of society. Since September 11<sup>th</sup>, Muslims worldwide have
been unfairly stigmatized as a violent culture with a violent religion. These
kids grew up under the promise of a more prosperous future but the largest
economic crisis in decades has kept millions of educated, healthy, young adults
unemployed and unattended. They have been victims of structural violence, when
a disharmonious system inflicts pain and suffering on a group of people.
Violence always breeds violence. They have become ideal recruits for
paramilitary organizations that are fighting a war of alienation. The so-called
IS, or Islamic State, is the most notorious, structured, and powerful form of
alienated organization. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Civilization is not inherent to humanity. As a species, we have evolved
socio-politically until becoming civilized. Among all civilized values, I claim
peace is the most precious, forged over millennia, through cultures and
generations that have seen and fought lengthy, deadly wars and have been
exposed to vicious degrees of violence. In this context, I borrow my definition
of peace from Galtung: the ability to transform conflicts creatively and
harmoniously. This is, to a great extent, the way in which many nations around
the world deal with conflict. Unfortunately, this is not yet the case for all
nations. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">For those of us who aspire to be civilized, we have the obligation
to behave and react peacefully, that is, harmoniously even towards the
perpetrators, as difficult as it may be, and creatively in search for solutions
to a conflict that is deeper and more widespread than we wish to believe. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">There is no difference between a shooting rampage inside a theater
in Paris during a concert and at a movie theater in Colorado during a Batman
movie presentation. There is no difference between a shooting inside a bar at
Republique and a shooting at a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kindergarden</i>
in Newtown, Connecticut. The executioners lost touch with reality. Gandhi used
to say that guns were not the problem, because there was always a finger
pulling the trigger. The problem lies within us, in our beliefs, in the
narrow-minded arrogance that makes us interpret that we are right while others
are wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US">To say that a particular religion is to blame for this is equivalent
to what Hitler did, stigmatizing and persecuting Jews during the Holocaust, a
genocide that belongs to an uncivilized time of human history. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-470018949422025602015-10-23T17:32:00.005+09:002015-12-15T23:27:11.426+09:00Costa Rican observations about Nairobi Conference draft ministerial
declaration<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Historically Costa Rica has been a demandeur in the Doha
negotiations and seeks an ambitious result in all three core issues. We have
remained flexible and are willing to accept an outcome that helps to strengthen
the multilateral trade system. Having said that, it seems clear that we will
not be able to provide for an ambitious result in Nairobi, but it is even clearer
that we must provide for a credible one for the sake of the multilateral
system.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">As agriculture remains the main issue, we hope that
discussions advance on the export competition front, and we should also be
prepared for the worst-case scenario. Certainly market access discussions have
been put on hold, but we would suggest looking at the only aspect of the whole
negotiation that has an agreement between large groups of members. Even though
Costa Rica has already deepened its market access in agriculture through
comprehensive FTAs with its mayor partners, we believe there is added value in
the work that has been done with the Tropical Products Agreement that may be a
good asset –if played well - in Nairobi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On the other hand, it is also time to move
forward. A Ministerial declaration resulting from the Nairobi Conference must
acknowledge a willingness to understand and address the linkages between trade
and environmental performance, the transformative nature of global value chains
and digitalization; the increasing importance of trade in services and
investment; the need to address competition policies; among other topics that
are already being discussed outside of the WTO, in organizations like the OECD
and through initiatives like the E15 from the ICTSD. The world has changed in a
fundamental way during the past 20 years and we must find new ways to tackle
old and current problems. The lack of agreements during the past 14 years in
the Doha negotiations leaves us with a legacy on unresolved issues that we
still need to address, and to that we must add now the disruptive role of
climate change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This is a critical year for the climate debate
with the international community gathering in Paris for a climate change summit
only one week before the Nairobi conference. Paris will mark a historical
tipping point for the mainstreaming of climate change in economic and
development pathways around the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As long as the WTO is unable to complete the
DDA, it will remain being part of the problem. Even if the DDA negotiation continues
post-Nairobi, there is a global sense of urgency that the multilateral trade system
engages as a provider of solutions at a global scale. This unique opportunity
is imminent for this organization and must not be squandered. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In order to deliver swiftly and effectively in
this course of action, the DDA requires additional time, say, another 12
months, and the key pillars and topics of discussion should remain the same. It
just cannot be “business as usual”. The difference would be a clearer
understanding of why this complex effort of the Doha negotiation Round is being
undertaken. The WTO requires a broader, more holistic vision about the imperative
to advance both the trade and climate change agendas. This century a clearer
long-term view is needed where climate science informs our thinking and
elucidates our choices this century. With impacts from climate change looming
large, the time has come to stop treating the trade regime and the climate
regime in silos. The solution is not to merge them – they seek different
objectives – but recognize how and why they affect each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For example, this will show, unquestionably,
that the greatest threats to agriculture are not policy-based. It is not
protectionism or liberalization what will hamper agriculture’s ability to
prosper, but climate change. Therefore, we must start a conversation about how
trade can help agriculture to become more resilient in the face of climate
change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Also, it will provide a greater sense of
opportunity regarding the completion of a modern and robust multilateral agreement
in services, a growing industry that has a far lower carbon footprint than the
production and trade of other goods. This means that growth in the services
sector belongs into a low carbon economy, which is what planet Earth urgently
demands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In addition to agriculture and services, NAMA
should be approached from the point of view of a progressive reduction in
carbon emissions in the manufacturing process of all goods, and a progressive
increase in the renewable energy component in that manufacturing. By 2050, all
traded goods that enjoy free tariffs should be manufactured with a source of
energy that is renewable, and its embedded carbon emissions neutralized. This
requires an ambitious plan with goals to be targeted for completion by 2030,
which is only 15 years away (almost as long as the DDA has been discussed). [The
OECD offers a magnificent tool to visualize embedded carbon emissions in
international trade: </span><span lang="FR"><a href="http://oe.cd/io-co2"><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span lang="FR">http://oe.cd/io-co2</span></span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This holistic vision would be like a new pair
of prescription lenses that could provide a mindset for a negotiation framework
that would result in a successful DDA, not with minimal ambition, but, quite on
the contrary, with maximal one, as it would be clear that the outcome of the negotiation
would be a means to a very concrete and tangible end, a vehicle to advance development
and prosperity while fighting climate change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Costa Rica is willing to engage and actively
contribute to further this view, in an attempt to obtain from Ministers a
mandate in line with all previous ones for the Doha Round, but focused on an
outcome that will be a bold statement towards advancing trade while contributing
with solutions to climate change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-2621445950158470162015-09-03T06:00:00.001+09:002015-09-03T06:15:01.588+09:00Let's Get Going<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(130, 98, 83, 0.0980392); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.701961); font-family: UICTFontTextStyleBody; text-decoration: -webkit-letterpress;"><span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(130, 98, 83, 0.0980392); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.701961); font-family: UICTFontTextStyleBody; text-decoration: -webkit-letterpress;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(130, 98, 83, 0.0980392); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.701961); font-family: UICTFontTextStyleBody; text-decoration: -webkit-letterpress;">This is the first time I hear a politician speaking something closer to the truth about climate change that I have enthusiastically studied for well over a decade. </span><br />
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From a conflict transformation perspective, it is planet Earth's greatest conflict, that is, its greatest incompatibility of goals between the way humanity runs its voracious and destructive existence, and the fairly thin web that supports life on this, the only planet known to science where life exists. </div>
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No other life form is responsible for its causes as humans are, but each and every one of them is a victim of its consequences, including humans, of course. Some species don't even exist anymore. The Center for Biological Diversity calculates that dozens of species vanish from the face of the Earth permanently every 24 hours, and this has been going on for many years. Forecasts indicate that as many as 50% of life forms could disappear by mid century. By then, my daughter will be younger than I am today. Her planet will be radically different than it is today, and not in a good way. Amidst this vast vacuum of global leadership, global citizens appreciate such bold words from a true global leader as president Barack Obama spoke last Monday at the GLACIER Conference in Alaska. </div>
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It is clear in his gestures that he is having a hard time saying some of the things he is saying. He is describing his daughters' world and he won't be here to do anything about it. But he can now, and so can we. Just picture, for an instant, 90 centimeters more of ocean levels in the coast nearest to you, or at the beach of your last tourist destination, or on the city or island where your good friend lives or that you would like to visit one day. That's a conservative forecast that has been approved by scientific consensus and leading towards climate change negotiations later this year in Paris. </div>
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If you ask widely reputed scientists, like former NASA's James Hansen, it could be as high as 14 meters of sea level rise by the end of the century. If one meter was a challenge to London, Shanghai, New York, Lagos, Rio de Janeiro, all of Florida, all of Bangladesh, fifty island nations around the world, 14 meters is bye-bye to all of these human communities and natural ecosystems as we know them. </div>
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Now picture what should be done: pretty much all the fossil fuels that have not been extracted from beneath the crust of the Earth -be it oil, natural gas, shale gas, tar sands, coal- should stay underground. This implies a massive shift in cleaner, renewable sources of energy to supply a growing demand used to power our cars, buses, trains, airplanes, ships; to power our electric appliances at home to cook, wash, keep us warm in the winter and cool in the summer, and be entertained; to pump, purify, transport and discard water for human and agricultural use; to give us electric lighting. That is just the first step. It is urgent. It is indispensable. It is non-negotiable. The other steps deal with consumption of other renewable and non-renewable natural resources, like some types of animal protein, forests, fertile soil, water, clean air, marine life and biodiversity in general, to mention a critical few. </div>
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But first, energy. The technology and the finances are there. The public opinion and the desire of the peoples of the world are there. It seems that what is holding us back is politics. If it doesn't work in our favor, then let's innovate and go around it. Let's bypass it. Let's bring it back to what serves the best interests for the greatest majority in the most effective manner. Unless we are willing to talk, walk, stand and act like U.S. President Obama. In which case, let's get going. </div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-17888842692082103262015-07-27T06:42:00.002+09:002015-07-27T06:42:36.505+09:00Negotiating by Interests<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Rule number one of conflict
transformation says: negotiate by interests, not by positions. Why do we consistently
fail at this? There might be multiple explanations. Anyhow, it could be a style
we carry from the XX Century or from the Cold War era, to negotiate in a
“tit-for-tat” way, as if it were a chess game, winner-take-all, or zero-sum
game. We all know what it means and we all know it doesn't work anymore. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Negotiating by
interests is what allows us to engage in XXI Century negotiation tactics to
create shared value, to crowdsource solutions, to transform conflicts into
future scenarios of prosperity. That’s what innovation is all about, and we are
not talking about technology or business only, but social and political
innovation as well. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For example, in
discussing climate change, we need more and deeper dialogue and engagement
between ecologists and economists, between engineers and lawyers, between
artists and entrepreneurs, so that cross-pollination of ideas renders eclectic
solutions that no single stakeholder has thought about herself. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Identifying
positions is very easy: we usually know where our counterparts stand on all
issues. But do we know why? Do they know why? This “why” is key to identify the
interests that drive stakeholders into a negotiation or into a stalemate, which
is the most likely outcome of a negotiation based on positions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Starting with why
allows us to fully and transparently grasp the essence of our interests, and
allows our counterparts to help us satisfy our needs, solve our problems, and
achieve our goals. Welcome to the world of co-creation, the world of
transversal partnerships, of showing each other’s cards and generating synergy.
That is, to jointly generate the greatest possible outcome for everyone
involved. If you are familiar with the concept of enlarging the pie, it is
precisely that: instead of trying to fight for grabs of the biggest slice one
can take, first let us figure out a way to make the pie larger. This will
ensure that the slice you get will be bigger than any other slice you could
have taken. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Negotiating by
interests is boring if you like the thrill of poker, where the winner takes it
all and where you are encouraged to lie and bluff if it means winning. It
requires authenticity and an attitude of openness. It is incredibly effective
if we want to create new value, to go beyond where we could have gone by
ourselves, and to reach higher echelons of success. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Success is made by a
long chain of partial failures. It is reached when you exhaust all the mistakes
that are required to learn the lessons that will make it sprout: a very natural
process indeed. As long as we negotiate by interests, this trial-and-error
process will lead somewhere prosperous. Otherwise, negotiating by positions
will only make us cave in deeper into a vicious cycle of no return. If you have
clarity about your position, ask yourself why it is so until you find your
interests. Encourage your counterparts to do the same. Become partners into
co-creating success. We are all in the same boat anyway, and no one is getting
out of it alive, so make the absolute best of it you possibly can. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-16288692539945694452015-05-08T05:58:00.000+09:002015-05-08T05:58:07.982+09:00400 PPM <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
[English
below]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">El 19
de noviembre de 2013 fue la primera vez que se midieron 400 partículas de CO2
por millón (PPM) en la atmósfera, en el observatorio de Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Lo
recuerdo porque fue el día que nació mi pequeña Aiko. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Para
poner esa cifra en contexto, los últimos 4 millones de años, durante los cuales
se mantuvo estable el clima en la Tierra, las PPM se mantuvieron en 280, con
las oscilaciones normales según las estaciones anuales y con picos presenciados
durante mega-erupciones volcánicas alrededor del mundo a lo largo de este vasto
período. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Esta
cifra comenzó a subir a inicios del Siglo XIX. Desde mediados del Siglo XX, el
aumento ha sido vertiginoso. Hace 30 años sobrepasamos la cifra de 350 PPM, que
se consideraba como el límite máximo para preservar la biocapacidad de los
ecosistemas, sostén de la vida en el planeta. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Esta
semana, por primera vez se registraron 400 PPM a nivel global. Es espeluznante
lo que se ha acelerado la concentración de gas carbónico en la atmósfera en
apenas 18 meses de vida de mi hija. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">No sé
qué le diré a ella cuando tenga capacidad de comprender lo qué habrá sucedido.
La nuestra es la única generación que es en parte víctima, en parte victimaria,
y en parte responsable del cambio. Ninguna otra ha estado ni estará en nuestras
circunstancias. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">Se
requiere con urgencia de liderazgos virtuosos de alcance global. Todos estamos
invitados a la mesa. No es cierto que todos hacemos lo que podemos. Podemos
más. Mucho más: crear conciencia, divulgar información crítica para transformar
el conflicto, cambiar actitudes y comportamientos, innovar. Hablemos más del
tema. Co-creemos soluciones. Experimentemos. Volvamos a intentar. ¡Vamos!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On November 19th,
2013, was the first time that 400 particles of CO2 per million (PPM) were
measured in the atmosphere, at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii. I remember
well because it was the day my little Aiko was born. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">To put that number in
context, for the last 4 million years, the Earth’s climate remained stable at
280 PPM, with the normal oscillations related to yearly seasons and with peaks
registered during mega-volcanic eruptions around the world throughout this vast
period of time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This figure started
climbing since the beginning of the XIX Century. Since mid XX Century, the
increase has been dramatic. Thirty years ago we surpassed 350 PPM, which was
considered as the maximum limit to preserve ecosystems’ biocapacity, the web of
life on the planet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This week, for the
first time 400 PPM were registered globally. It is frightening how CO2
concentrations in the atmosphere have accelerated in the 18 months of my
daughter’s short life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I don’t know what I
will tell her when she is able to comprehend what would have happened. Ours is the
only generation that is partly a victim, partly a victimizer, and partly
responsible for the change. No other has been or will be in our circumstances. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We urgently require
virtuous leadership of global reach. We are all invited to the table. It is not
true we are doing all we can. We can do more. Much more: raise awareness, share
information that is critical to transform the conflict, change attitudes and
behaviors, innovate. Let’s talk more about the topic. Let’s co-create
solutions. Let’s experiment. Let’s try again. Let’s go!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-73490152743184339582014-10-23T00:15:00.001+09:002014-10-23T00:15:50.287+09:00Preventing trauma: the choice of a generation<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dear friends and colleagues gathered in the name of peace, I greet
you at a distance from San Jose, capital city of Costa Rica. I am honored to be
speaking to you today and very impressed about the technological tools that
allow us to have this conversation from thousands of kilometers away. If we
have been able to bridge time and distance so dramatically in the course of a
generation, it only makes me wonder what other bridges our generation could
build.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In a time when the global human society has become ever more
integrated, complex and sophisticated, opportunities, wealth and comfort have
not become a standard around the world. What is worse, the standard of
opportunity, wealth and comfort has triggered an absurd rate of consumption
that is exhausting natural resources worldwide, not only for the human
civilization, but also for thousands of other species who have collapsed faster
than we were even able to notice. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">I do not intend to make this a presentation about climate change,
which some people still choose not to believe as a reality, one that is perhaps
the most severe conflict that life on Earth has faced in the last four million
years. I do feel a responsibility to bring the topic to this conference
because, as we discuss trauma, it is highly important that we understand that
there is much to do to avoid future trauma for hundreds of millions of people
around the world who will face life-threatening conditions arising from
human-made alterations of the global climate system.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In an attempt to make a brief diagnosis of the conflict as I
perceive it, we are facing increasingly long and wide episodes of human
suffering that are leaving a deep trace of trauma behind it. Most of this
suffering is, paradoxically, induced by humans onto humans. I call it a paradox
because humans are the most intelligent species on Earth, and by intelligent I
mean self-conscious of the fact that we are able to love and able to choose to
love. And still many humans choose violence instead. Violence, in my opinion,
is the absence of love, or, in the worlds of His Holiness, The Dalai Lama, the
absence of lovingkindness. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">There is, unfortunately, no guarantee that this scar of human trauma
that is being left behind is going to reduce in number of episodes or intensity
in the coming years. What is worse, there is a strange feeling in the air that
things might continue aggravating. So, our gathering in Istambul during the
coming days will be searching both for answers to treat existing trauma as well
as identifying and creating together alternatives to prevent future trauma in
the years to come. In conflict transformation, there is a method that is seldom
applied to real-life conflicts which is to enlarge the pie. If you imagine that
a present-day situation could become larger in the future, then we would
understand at least two things: first, that the present situation, as bad as it
looks, is not as bad as it could be in the future if we fail to act effectively
to prevent it from happening; and second, that there is a need for conflict
transformation into the future given the prognosis of what happens if things
continue evolving the way they have evolved until now. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">So, our call for action is to act with our hearts in the present,
and keeping our minds focused on the future, searching permanently for a more
prosperous scenario for those who suffer. Only in recent times, this was the
role of governments. A handful of nations managed to reach high levels of human
development and economic wealth that allowed them to live a long episode of
widespread comfort. The reality for the rest of the world has been less
prosperous, and, in many ways, there are hotspots of violence around the planet
that deteriorate the living conditions for all humans alike. Whether it is a
massive exodus of entire populations that flee starvation, disease or armed
conflict, or large communities that are severely affected by natural disasters
foreseen and unforeseen, in today’s interconnected world everyone is impacted
in one way or another. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Today, many governments have failed to adapt to modern circumstances
and to the complex social sophistication we live in. Agriculture, education,
healthcare, and technology have evolved tremendously during the last 100 years,
and still states and governments look in many ways the same as they looked 100
years ago, with similar methods, policies and institutions to solve problems
that do not exist anymore; that is, in democratic states. In other non-democratic
states, government looks like it did several hundred years ago or more. The
failure of governance is yet another example of the Tragedy of the Commons:
because governments do not belong to anyone, there was no one concerned with
its flaws and inability to adapt effectively to human evolution. Governments
failed us. Ironically, history has proven that a bad government is many times better
than no government at all. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Politics, or the persuasion of masses through ideas, has become, in
many places around the world, a vehicle for violence. Every state that sponsors
the manufacturing, trade and use of military armament on civilian populations
is using politics to spread violence. There is no justification around that
fact. And while climate change adaptation requires, worldwide, some 100 billion
US dollars per year, worldwide military expenditure reaches 1.4 trillion US
dollars per year. To put it in simple terms, if the military economy spent 7%
less per year, climate change adaptation could be financed completely for all
communities worldwide, especially the ones most at risk. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">As governments and states weaken, the rule of law also weakens or
becomes inexistent. This brings a dangerous lack of order, a violent lack of
justice, a severe lack of basic infrastructure, a general lack of prosperity. This,
in time, only worsens when environmental constraints affect living conditions
and force people to turn to their governments for answers, solutions, hope,
perhaps a little bit of lovingkindness.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">As I mentioned earlier, if left unattended, the conflict situations
we are witnessing today will only tend to aggravate. As Albert Einstein reminds
us, “we will never be able to overcome a problem if we continue thinking like
we did when we fell into it.” I interpret his wisdom as a reminder that this
generation, all of us in good health and willingness to contribute, has a
unique opportunity to shift things over. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">More importantly, it is never too much to remind ourselves that
violence breeds violence, and the more we try to repress violent conflict
through violent means, the more we will perpetuate the very conflict we are
attempting to suppress. On that same token, peace breeds peace. Lovingkindness
breeds lovingkindness. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">I strongly believe that humanity must bypass some institutions,
power structures, beliefs that we have created throughout history in order to
regenerate livelihoods, to restore ecosystems, to bring life and peace back to
Earth. I mean to develop grassroots support systems like the ones humans
created when we settled down as hunter-gatherers and became farmers by
domesticating food. That was the way humanity started, and even though it was
not a world free of conflict, there was as much concern for one’s own life as for
that of our neighbors. We were each other’s keeper indeed. Our livelihoods
depended on three elemental things: access to drinking water, access to arable
land and housing solutions. The rest was hard work, fast learning and a
predominant lovingkindness that made civilization prosper. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">I also strongly believe in modern support systems that cross
political borders. Much healing and assistance and development and prosperity
has been created by solidary initiatives of humans helping humans. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">To conclude, our emotional efforts should stay focused on our
present conflicts and all the suffering they are provoking. Our intellectual
efforts, instead, should be strongly harnessed into future scenarios of
prosperity from which we can derive a much-needed sense of optimism as well as
the mental energy to creatively co-create together those scenarios that
humanity deserves. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In the process, and exercising the method of enlarging the pie, let
us accommodate in our vision of a better world all other life forms. Only then
will we be truly able to transform trauma into healing, conflict into harmony, and
violence into lovingkindness. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Thank you.</span></span><!--EndFragment-->
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-7982991095956846962014-03-20T23:27:00.000+09:002014-03-20T23:33:13.765+09:00Be the Students of Life and Teachers of Peace <div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><i>I have been granted the immense honor to host on my blog the commencement speech addressed today by Dr. Óscar Arias Sánchez, Nobel Peace Laureate and two times Costa Rican president, to the alumni graduating from Soka University at Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. Here are his inspiring words for a world that urgently needs more peace</i>:</span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Book Antiqua;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">"Esteemed faculty, graduates, and families:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">Friendship is one of the most beautiful and
mysterious secrets in life. It takes people as different as can be, and ties
them together with an unbreakable bond. It can unite us across divisions of
age, gender, race, nationality and class. </span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">And it has united a young man who grew up among the seaweed farms of Tokyo,
with a young man who grew up among the coffee fields of Costa Rica. I am
honored to call Daisaku Ikeda my friend, and to have had several opportunities
over the years to benefit from his support, inspiration and collaboration. In
the universe of human accomplishment, art, philosophy and wisdom, the nation of
Japan is one of the brightest galaxies in the firmament; Daisaku Ikeda is one
of the brightest corners of that galaxy; and in the remarkable constellation
that is his life work, Soka University, without any doubt, is one of the
brightest stars. I am honored to have been invited to visit, once more, this
extraordinary place, a beacon of peace and progress for the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">At first glance, one would say that my
friendship with your founder is not based on a shared nationality, or a shared
language, or a shared job. But in a way, it is based on all those things. Our
friendship is based on the shared job of making the world a more peaceful place.
It is based on the shared language of peace. It is based on the shared
nationality that belongs to all those of us who recognize that borders are only
lines sketched by humans on the world map; who place our common identity as
humans before all others; and who call ourselves citizens of the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This
is a job, and a language, and a nationality that all of you join today when you
receive your degree. The mission of this institution is one I wish that more
educators would take on as their own mission. It is a goal that echoes a belief
I have expressed for many years at schools and universities all over the world:
the belief that if we are to create a more peaceful world, that process must
begin in our classrooms and lecture halls. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
novel “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Love and Pedagogy</i>,” by Spanish
writer Miguel de Unamuno, tells the story of a father obsessed with educating a
genius. This tragic work makes no attempt to hide its message. It shows us what
happens when education is a simple compendium of facts without values, ideas
without emotions. When we form scholars, but not wise men. When we form
experts, but not human beings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">Dr. Ikeda has said that “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a great Human Revolution in just a
single individual will help achieve a change in the destiny of a society and
further, will enable a change in the destiny of all humankind</i>.” Education
must create just this kind of human revolution, or it is not worth the effort.
It must be the greatest agent of change in the destiny of humankind, or it has
failed in its mission. Education is not an end in itself – it is a path. It is
a way to overcome a kind of eternal adolescence that has struggled for
millennia to reach maturity. It is not enough to say, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">We educate</i>,” or “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">We have been
educated</i>.” We must ask, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">To what end</i>?”
We must ask what kind of society we are building through our arts and sciences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">When we look at today’s leading universities
and colleges, it seems obvious that we are educating in order to create more
prosperous societies. The twentieth century was, without a doubt, the most prolific
multiplier of wealth in history. Hundreds of millions of people emerged from
poverty in the last few decades. For the first time in memory, more than half
of the world population belongs to the middle class. A planet that is growing
at an exponential rate has managed, with surprising ingenuity, the lack of
resources that this growth implies. Technology has connected every corner of
the world. In material terms, we have never been better off. But we can see
that this material development, while essential to human development, is not
the only thing we need.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">That same twentieth century, generator of
fortunes and opportunities, was also the birthplace of unprecedented barbarity.
Never before has humankind killed on such a scale. Never before has hate poisoned
our words to such a degree. Never before has death reigned with such impunity
over all races. Never before have so many tears been shed because of man-made
tragedies. Never before have so many minds, so many ideas, been wasted in the
name of torture and violence. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">What was the role of education in all of
this? How did the academy contribute to the decline of the human spirit? Were
illiterates responsible for the worst genocide in history? Was ignorance or
lack of access to the texts and thoughts of wise men to blame for the civil
wars in which millions of brothers killed each other? Did we have too few
teachers? Or could it be that we had too many soldiers?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">The answer is that education was not enough.
The world forgot to add an essential course to the curriculum that it teaches
its young. The world forgot to add a course that brings heart to our thoughts,
and soul to our studies. That course is one that I like to think of as “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Peace and Pedagogy</i>.”And it is one that
is found on the curriculum of Soka University.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">Peace and Pedagogy means education for
peace, and with peace. There is no point in forming learned men and women who
do not understand the value of a life. There is no point in forming professors
for whom war is justified. There is no point in graduating students who do not
care if dozens of people die every day in the most cruel and absurd violation
of human rights: armed conflict. No student, of any discipline, in any country,
should be unaware of the cries of the victims of Iraq and Afghanistan, of Colombia
and Sudan, of Somalia and Myanmar. No student, of any discipline, in any
country, should be unaware of the fact that most casualties in wars today
consist of innocent civilians, and not soldiers who have chosen to fight. No
student, of any discipline, in any country, should be unaware that there are
17,000 nuclear warheads watching over us as we sleep, waiting for any moment of
insanity or carelessness to strike. No student, of any discipline, in any
country, should be unaware that the world spent 1.75 trillion dollars on
weapons and war in 2012 alone, at a time when tiny fractions of that sum could
eliminate preventable diseases, hunger, and illiteracy from the face of the
earth. No student, of any discipline, in any country, should be unaware that
640 million small arms and light weapons flow uncontrolled across borders every
day while we await the ratification of the Arms Trade Treaty that was approved
last year by the United Nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">One does not need to subscribe to any
particular ideology to understand that this is absurd, and that it is entirely
within our power as humans to change our course. If our universities cannot
teach this, if our elementary and secondary schools fail to transmit this basic
concern for human rights, then education fails as an instrument of peace. It
fails as a way to heal the pain of humanity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">Educating for peace and with peace means
recognizing all of this. It also means building in our classrooms the world we
seek to see in the street. So often, our schools are home to a competitive,
even violent environment. Students are allowed to carry out a war of words that
is the prologue to a war of weapons. They are taught patriotic values that
border on xenophobia. They are brought up in a world divided by borders and
nationalities, where success is measured in triumphant military campaigns.
Nowhere is this more clear than in my own region, Latin America, where students
are better able to narrate the glories of soldiers than the accomplishments of
those who have struggled for world peace. If we make peace an extracurricular
subject, it becomes an extracurricular attitude. It becomes the strange whim of
bohemians and dreamers, not the mission of academics and doctors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">This
is the challenge that each of you will face when you leave this unique
institution, where Peace and Pedagogy really is a part of the curriculum. You
will face being written off as unrealistic, naïve, or out of touch with
reality. I have said that Soka University is a bright star in the human
firmament. It follows that when you leave here, you will, at least sometimes,
go from light into darkness. You will go from the fellowship of the student, to
the loneliness of the peacemaker in a world that still prizes war. </span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">If everyone on the globe were represented
by 100 people, only seven of those people would possess a university education
– and of those seven, not even one would possess a degree like yours. Not even
one would possess a degree that represents not only a grasp of facts and
figures, not only mastery of data and disciplines, but also a profound
commitment to nonviolence, to negotiation, to changing the misplaced priorities
and twisted paradigms that have for too long cast a shadow over human history.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">But
that is no reason to fear. This is the quest for which your studies have
prepared you. I urge you not to falter. I urge you not to fail. I urge you to
look back, every day of your lives, to the determination you feel at this
moment, and to draw from it the strength you need.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">My
friends: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua";">It
is in </span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;">the spirit of
friendship that I have come here today. The spirit of the friendship between
our countries; the spirit of the friendship I share with your founder; and the
spirit of the friendship that unites all those who seek peace. That is the
friendship that will sustain you through the challenges ahead. Never forget the
words of Mahatma Gandhi: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A small body of
determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter
the course of history. Nonviolence of the strong is any day stronger than that
of the bravest soldier fully armed or a whole host</i>.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The determined spirits I see before
me have been students in these hallowed halls. Now that you are moving into the
world beyond, you must be more than that. You must be professors. You must
prepare yourselves to bring these lessons of peace and pedagogy to a greater
audience. When you pass through these doors, become students of life, and
teachers of peace – to continue learning how to heal our planet, as you share
the lessons you have learned here with the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Thank you very much."</span></div>
<div align="right" class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Óscar Arias Sánchez<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Former President of Costa Rica <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Nobel Peace Laureate 1987<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Commencement Address<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="Sinespaciado1" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Soka University, Japan<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Thursday, March 20th, 2014</span></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-45665341547185668232014-03-19T17:15:00.002+09:002014-03-19T17:15:54.611+09:00Imagination moves mountains<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Albert Einstein is quoted as having said that “imagination is more
important than knowledge”, perhaps based on the fact that, as a kindergarten
toddler, he was taught how to imagine before he was even taught how to read or
write or make the simplest mathematical computations. We all know what happened
next: he imagined mathematical formulations about theories related to the
origin and dynamics of the universe, some of which have not yet been disproven,
many decades after he imagined them. And I stress the fact that he imagined
them because he never traveled at the speed of light to have even the slightest
empirical proof of what he was suggesting. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Since humans settled their predominant nomadic lifestyle some 10,000
years ago when they managed to domesticate crops and developed what we know
today as agriculture, we have developed a sense of ethnocentrism, giving great
importance to the location of our community and believing there is not much
more beyond our surroundings and definitely not better than what “we” have
“here”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Even today, the Chinese name of China is “zhong guo”, which translates
into “middle kingdom” or the central kingdom. It could be claimed that it makes
historical sense given the times when the centuries-long battles of the
kingdoms over what today is Chinese territory came to an end when all kingdoms
where consolidated into one and had their political center at “Go Gong”, what
we know today as the Forbidden City. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But the truth is that many Chinese people, mainly those that have never
traveled abroad –the immensely vast majority of them- believe nobody has it
better than them in terms of quality of life, civil and political rights and
freedoms, environmental standards. In fact, we all behave like this, in a way,
believing that what “we” have “here” is better than others elsewhere. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The times we live in today, where we have sufficient information about material
limits of the natural environment, about the socioeconomic services provided by
ecosystems worldwide and about the essential constraints that affect the
subsistence of life on Earth within this century, make it mandatory that we
focus on the dynamics of a conflict so severe and so widespread as climate
change, in order to transform unsustainable tendencies and recover viability of
human civilization on the planet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perhaps it is important to restate the obvious: this is the only planet
in the universe where there is scientific proof of the existence of life, and
humans are the only species with such awareness. This puts us atop the hierarchy
of intelligent species and the only one willing and able to actually change the
course of actions that are conducive to collapse of human civilization as we
know it, and also to the extinction of thousands of species that, simply but
sadly, exist no longer and have disappeared within this generation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But as David Suzuki exclaimed at a conference at United Nations
University in Tokyo on December of 2012, “what intelligent species pours every
year billions of metric tons of a highly toxic chemical into the very air it
breathes!”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Einstein also said “we cannot solve problems thinking in the same way we
did when we fell into them.” Therefore, there is no choice but to imagine a new
way forward and shift into paradigms of collective action that are not yet here.
This includes, but is not limited to, multilateral institutions, modern
diplomacy as we have come to understand it in the last 300 years, the
representative political systems that have been mainstream in most states during
most of the last 100 years at least, and perhaps even the way in which we
create laws, public policies, economic incentives, and even the territorial
limits we have self-imposed onto us humans. Needless to say, we are the only
species that has artificially created limits to deter large migrations. This
could be detrimental in the long run in our quest for solutions to climate
change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Upon reimagining human civilization, a quest for an identity that
entails a feeling of belonging to the planet itself lies at the foundation of an
urgent reconstruction. That is, a sense of wellbeing that includes not only all
human beings but also all forms of life; a special sensitivity for all forms of
life as a proof that we are still <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRkxKk8rCGQ" target="_blank">bioliterate</a>; a vision for the future in which
the elements that sustain life on Earth are enriched and not degraded any
further. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">So, being a global citizen means it does not really matter where one is
born or what passport one carries, where one resides or what work one does. The
main concept is being aware that, whatever one does, there is a consequence, an
impact, an output that affects the entire global environmental ecosystem. This
is true, whether our multilateral organizations are aware of it or not. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Throughout his experiments with truth, Gandhi not only transformed
himself but also transformed millions of people even beyond his own life. The
impact of his life’s quest can be described in political terms, even though his
intentions and his methods were anything but political. He was only searching
for the truth and verifying it empirically over and over again. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The country I represent has a unique track record in its
institutionalized decision-making based on ethical principles that transcend
even the local culture that defines it. In the XIX century, coffee growers
imposed taxes on themselves in order to create government funds to invest in
public infrastructure. In that same century, a military general who presided the
country abolished the death penalty and, later on, a peculiar Education
Minister pushed for a reform that made education public, obligatory, free and
sponsored by the State. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">During the first half of the XX century, universal healthcare was
institutionalized and the military army was abolished. Environmental
conservation started around mid- XX century and it included heavily investing
public funds in renewable energies. Today, Costa Rica has legally reserved up
to a third of its territory as conservation areas; it generates up to 95% of
electricity from renewable sources; it created the payment for environmental
services, a policy innovation that is considered today as an optimal mechanism
to regenerate biocapacity and recreate natural capital; it is a pioneer in
ecological tourism; and it hosts ten times more biodiversity per square
kilometer than any other country. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">All of this has been the result of an understanding that the Costa Rican
nation is part of a larger entity, both of human beings and of other forms of
life. This makes Costa Ricans aware of their global citizenship, conscious that
we might not necessarily have it better than others elsewhere, but content with
our current path of development. So proves the three years in a row topping the
Happy Planet Index. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">To end on a future note, since 2007 Costa Rica launched the Peace with Nature
initiative, an aspiration to become the first carbon-neutral country, which is
no easy task, but an audacious and doable challenge. Although there has been criticism
about the feasibility to reach the goal by the expected date of 2021, there has
been widespread consensus to attempt it on behalf of public and private institutions,
as well as academia and other civil society organizations. Most interestingly,
there is no law or public policy behind this initiative. It was simply a
presidential call for action and the public responded affirmatively. This is
ethics. And it moves mountains. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-63372419281175832152014-03-07T22:59:00.000+09:002014-05-29T23:17:32.594+09:00Cambio climático: análisis de un conflicto<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">La
transformación de conflictos es una rama de las ciencias sociales que estudia
la dinámica de los conflictos. Un conflicto es una incompatibilidad de
objetivos, o sea, cuando dos o más personas tienen metas que son inalcanzables
simultáneamente. Su estudio considera el análisis de causas y consecuencias,
los pronósticos futuros y las propuestas para dirimir las contenciones. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">El cambio
climático es el nombre que se le da a una serie de alteraciones climatológicas
y ambientales cuya causa principal es el quehacer humano en el planeta.
Constituye un conflicto porque no es posible seguir consumiendo recursos
naturales a un ritmo más acelerado de lo que el planeta mismo puede regenerar
naturalmente, y cuyo residuo es un nivel de contaminación de aire, agua, tierra
fértil y ecosistemas que reduce la capacidad del planeta de sostener la vida. Nosotros
mismos somos los causantes del problema pero no somos sus únicas víctimas, pues
afecta a todas las formas de vida. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Existen tres
causas primordiales del efecto humano en el cambio climático, a saber: a) la
deforestación de bosques, que libera grandes cantidades de dióxido de carbono a
la atmósfera; b) la industria de la carne de res, que debe mantener mil
millones de cabezas de ganado vacuno (vacas, toros, bueyes, búfalos, yaks); y
c) el transporte vehicular, que incluye transporte público y privado de
personas y transporte de mercancías comerciales tales como alimentos,
combustibles fósiles, entre otros. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Uno de los
elementos fundamentales de un conflicto es el paso del tiempo. O sea, qué
sucederá en el futuro si se mantienen las causas que lo generan, si continúan
agravándose, o si, por el contrario, se reducen significativamente. Contamos con
un buen ejemplo de un conflicto de carácter global y ambiental que fue transformado
exitosamente. Hace 30 años se identificó un gran agujero en la capa de ozono
que filtra buena parte de los rayos ultravioleta que provienen del sol. Se
llegó a un acuerdo mundial para reducir el uso de clorofluorocarbonos (CFCs),
que eran el principal causante del conflicto, y se detuvo eficazmente la
agravación del problema.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Según el
impacto negativo que hemos tenido en los ecosistemas, los pronósticos indican
que para mediados de este siglo las condiciones de vida en la Tierra serán muy
inferiores a la actualidad. Muchos estaremos retirados para entonces, pero es
probable que nuestros hijos y nietos estén en su edad más próspera y deban
vivir y sufrir esa realidad futura que estamos provocando hoy. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Existe un
elemento agravante respecto al cambio climático, y es la reducida cantidad de
personas que conocen del problema. La inmensa mayoría de la población desconoce
siquiera que exista. No nos referimos a quienes lo niegan o prefieren no creer
que sea un problema o que sea tan grave, sino a miles de millones de personas a
quienes no les ha llegado la noticia de semejante conflicto. En eso han fallado
dramáticamente las autoridades públicas del mundo, ya que, si bien buena parte
de las soluciones deberían provenir de ese sector, es mucho lo que se podría
hacer desde la esfera privada a nivel individual, local y regional. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Dentro de las
transformaciones urgentes, importantes y accesibles están la sustitución de
fuentes fósiles de energía por fuentes renovables; cambios culturales respecto
al uso del transporte, al consumo de bienes que provocan deforestación o que
provienen de lejanas distancias; y la comunicación efectiva del problema, de
manera que entre todos podamos hacerle frente lo antes posible. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Paz es la capacidad de
transformar conflictos de manera creativa y armoniosa. Eso es lo que queremos.</span></span><!--EndFragment-->
</div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-72812516400454103302014-02-24T23:34:00.000+09:002014-02-24T23:40:02.400+09:00I support GoProfileGreen<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-x6HAnodcDeY/UwtXR8d-qxI/AAAAAAAAHWQ/Si7r1RTVn7M/s1600/NaturalCapital.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-x6HAnodcDeY/UwtXR8d-qxI/AAAAAAAAHWQ/Si7r1RTVn7M/s1600/NaturalCapital.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Barva Volcano National Park, Costa Rica</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times;">When an idea has huge potential to create a significantly
positive impact at a global scale, my optimism replenishes. So
invigorating! </span><span style="font-family: Times;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">GoProfileGreen is a student startup initiative at Babson College
entrepreneurship program in Boston, MA. It aims at mitigating the CO2 emissions
created by our social media profiles -roughly about 300 grams of CO2 per year,
according to <a href="http://www.facebook.com/">Facebook</a>-
by charging a symbolic amount to regenerate natural capital, in other words, to
invest in forests and other ecosystems. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"> This would allow us to certify our profiles as carbon-neutral
and at the same time give a big push to improving the natural
environment. </span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"> With 1.3 billion users only on Facebook, the success of this
project could be the greatest contribution this generation has given to the
following one so far. </span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">We could be seeing only the tip of the iceberg of a new
ecosystem of carbon-neutral projects for natural capital regeneration that
have an online base and an offline impact. How good is that. </span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">He is into the third of four rounds for the opportunity to
receive feedback from renowned and expert VCs. This is like taking the fast
track for a startup and I would like to see his project go through to the last
round. </span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: large; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">If you could spare ten more seconds, <a href="http://www.startuprounds.com/startups/support/25">please support this initiative here</a>.</span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: large;">Thank you.</span></div>
Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-86053706265240396832014-01-01T00:04:00.004+09:002014-01-01T00:04:39.898+09:002014: Prosperidad ambiental // Environmental prosperity<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;">[English
below] Se acabó el 2013 en Japón. De nuevo ha sido un año nefasto para la vida
en la Tierra, el único planeta del que la ciencia tiene conocimiento en el que
existe vida en todo el universo. De nuevo este año se perdieron 52.000 Km2 de
bosques, 70.000 Km2 de tierra fértil por erosión y otros 120.000 Km2 por
desertificación. Lo peor de la crisis ambiental que vivimos es que esa pérdida
de biocapacidad reduce sensiblemente la habilidad de los ecosistemas de
regenerarse y absorber las emisiones de dióxido de carbono, que este año
aumentaron en mil millones de toneladas métricas con respecto al año anterior.
O sea, que a pesar de todo lo que sabemos, de todo lo que ya se está haciendo
para transformar la situación, y de toda la conciencia que se ha venido
creando, el problema, lejos de detenerse y revertirse, aún continúa
agravándose. Dice el gran maestro de la eficacia, Stephen Covey, que “saber y
no hacer es como no saber.” ¿Nos damos cuenta de que este problema no es sólo
de quienes están dando la vida por resolverlo, sino que ya nos afecta a todos
por igual, incluso a las generaciones que aún no han nacido? Este año que
comienza, lo único que deseo es menos emisiones de CO2 que el año anterior,
mayor cobertura boscosa y menor deforestación, pero ante todo, mayor coherencia
en la especie humana entre la inteligencia que tenemos y nuestro comportamiento.
La prosperidad es fundamentalmente un asunto de actitud. ¡Que así sea el 2014
para todos!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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2013 is gone in Japan. It has been another devastating year
for life on Earth, the only planet in the universe about which science has
knowledge of the existence of life. Again this year 52,000 Km2 of forests were
lost to deforestation, 70,000 Km2 of fertile soil has been lost to erosion, and
an additional 120,000 Km2 were lost to desertification. The worst thing about
the environmental crisis we live in is that this biocapacity loss significantly
reduces the ecosystem’s ability to regenerate and absorb carbon emissions,
which this year increased by one billion metric tons with respect to the
previous year. In other words, despite everything we know, everything that has
been done already to transform the situation, and all the awareness that has
been created, the problem, far from stopping and reverting, is aggravating
further. The great master of effectiveness, Stephen Covey, said “to know and
not do is not to know”. Do we realize that this problem belongs not only to the
people giving their lives to solve it, but that it affects each and every one
of us, even our unborn generations? This year that starts my only wish is less
carbon emissions than last year, greater forest coverage and less
deforestation, but above all, greater coherence between humanity’s intelligence
and our behavior. Prosperity is fundamentally a matter of attitude. May 2014 be
so for all of us!<o:p></o:p></div>
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Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-16042395905664976822013-11-25T19:57:00.001+09:002013-11-25T22:13:16.212+09:00Teachings by His Holiness, the Dalai Lama<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
Today I attended a lecture with His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, on making the best use of the wisdom of Buddhism in daily life. Below are some of the powerful yet simple concepts he shared.<br />
<br />
We must think more seriously about the oneness of humanity. There are too many secondary differences among us humans, such as religion, nationality, ethnicity; too much division between rich and poor, educated and uneducated, and even within families. Such secondary differences create conflicts of the type "us vs. them" that keep us away from the realization that we all have the same right to achieve a happy life.<br />
<br />
We need more global responsibility: if the world was happy, then each individual would derive individual and collective benefits; if the world is in conflict, all individuals will suffer individually and collectively.<br />
<br />
Selfish behavior should be wise, not the narrow-minded, short-term selfishness. No one ever wishes they had more trouble in their lives. Everyone wants less conflict. But at the same time, many of our problems are our own creation. This is due to a lack of holistic view or a lack of the wise-selfish behavior that would also benefit others.<br />
<br />
Self-centered attitudes lead to destructive emotions. We must expand the concept of "we" to include the entire humanity, to feel closer to each other. In this way, we will generate trust and friendship and reduce fear, anger and hatred that are bad for our health and eat our immune system.<br />
<br />
Self-confidence brings inner strength. Peace of mind is the most important factor to achieve it and it can be developed by training mindfulness, compassion and lovingkindness by meditating 30 minutes per day.<br />
<br />
All religions share the message of the practice of love. To be rich does not imply to be happy. Wealth does not guarantee inner peace. Human affection is extremely important to live in a happy family.<br />
<br />
We must teach common sense. If there is an orientation towards materialistic values, then it will not be enough to simply talk about moral values.<br />
<br />
Out of 7 billion people on Earth, about 1 billion are non-believers. Therefore, we need a secular education to build and achieve secular ethics.<br />
<br />
Both theistic and non-theistic religions practice love successfully. By teaching tolerance and self-discipline, the practice of love creates self-confidence and inner strength. A non-theistic religion like Buddhism delegates on the individual the responsibility of life: you are the master of your own self-creation.<br />
<br />
Buddhism believes in the law of causality and interconnectedness or interdependency. Nothing exists independently. This can be proven through cosmology, psychology, neurobiology and quantum physics. For example, the failure of climate talks are due to national interests prevailing over global interests. Global interests are the only way of taking care of all humanity.<br />
<br />
Many problems are solved by changing narrow-mindedness to an holistic approach. Debate is the best way to study. In fact, it is the way in which Buddhism is best taught. Argument and disagreement lead to learning. If people always say "yes", like "yes-ministers", there will be no progress.<br />
<br />
---<br />
<br />
Several questions were asked to him at the end of his lecture. The first one was if all dreams could be achieved. He responded: a dream is a dream. The approach to it must be very, very realistic. You must analyze the goal, then seek suggestions from your peers. If you fail nine times and nine times you make greater efforts, then you will achieve success.<br />
<br />
The second one was how he thought Buddhism would be practiced in 1000 years when life on Earth will be compromised, according to scientists such as Stephen Hawking. He responded: in Buddhism, logically, where there is a beginning, there must be an ending. Frankly, don't worry about 1000 years from now. Worry about this century that must be peaceful and happy!<br />
<br />
His Holiness ended his participation with a joke, of course: What I hold in my hands is the best proof that East needs West: this water [bottle] is from France!Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-65100764044511548882013-09-28T12:57:00.000+09:002013-09-28T12:57:59.047+09:00¿Por qué forjar la paz?Me resultaría imposible escoger la madre, esposa o hija a quien pedirle enviar a su hijo, esposo o padre a la guerra. Bien lo dijo Ryoichi Sasakawa cuando expresó, llegando a Costa Rica: "Dichosa es la madre costarricense que sabe, al dar a luz, que su hijo jamás será soldado."<br />
<br />
Costa Rica es un país con el raro privilegio de haber prescindido de la institución militar. Aquella decisión de hace 65 años ha producido enormes beneficios, además de todos los costos que ha evitado, no sólo en recursos financieros que el Estado ha podido invertir en el porvenir de los costarricenses, sino en recurso humano, en progreso social y económico, en desarrollo político y diplomático, artístico y cultural, profesional y laboral, y en tantas otras áreas de nuestro quehacer nacional donde no hay cabida para soldados.<br />
<br />
La cultura de paz aún no se consolida. El hecho de haber renunciado a las armas apenas garantizó que nunca, jamás, las usaríamos para agredir a un vecino o a nosotros mismos. Ese grado avanzado de civilización que nos distingue en el concierto de las naciones ya lo alcanzamos. Ahora lo que debemos hacer es forjar la paz.<br />
<br />
La definición de este inmenso valor universal que prefiero es la de Johan Galtung:<br />
<br />
"Paz es la capacidad de transformar conflictos de manera empática, creativa y armoniosa."<br />
<br />
Para ello existen cientos de metodologías, miles de expertos y muchos más casos de éxito en el mundo. Aparte de ese valioso conocimiento también se requiere de un conjunto de virtudes, tales como la actitud proactiva de querer la paz, la autoestima colectiva para apoyarnos mutuamente en esta gesta, la visión del país que queremos dejar en herencia a nuestros nietos cuando ya nos hayamos retirado, la valentía de ir más allá de las agresiones recibidas, y la convicción de que es más fuerte, más vigorosa, más sostenible y más próspera la paz que cualquier guerra.Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-22651476250903663132013-09-11T17:32:00.000+09:002013-09-11T18:04:01.498+09:00Discurso inaugural en la Universidad de las Naciones Unidas - Tokio, Japón<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD">Discurso inaugural<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Universidad de las Naciones Unidas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Profesor Dr. David Malone,
Rector de la Universidad de las Naciones Unidas, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Profesor Dr. Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Vice-rector
y director del Instituto de Paz y Sostenibilidad, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Distinguidos funcionarios de
gobierno, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Colegas del cuerpo diplomático, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Estudiantes, profesores y
empleados de la Universidad, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Queridos amigos, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Buenos días. Les agradezco a
todos por estar aquí. He preparado unas breves palabras con especial dedicación
para los estudiantes que hoy inician el curso intensivo de cinco semanas que
definitivamente transformará sus vidas de varias maneras. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">El año pasado tuve el privilegio
de participar en el evento de clausura, donde estudiantes como ustedes
presentaron sus proyectos grupales a un panel de invitados del cual formé
parte, y me llamó la atención cuánto conocimiento fue invertido por los
participantes en la creación de ideas que no habrían existido de otra forma. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Fue un muy buen ejemplo de
creación de valor compartido: conjuntar las fortalezas individuales para darle
vida a algo que no hubieran logrado individualmente o por separado. Es una
ilustración precisa de la sinergia. Esto es lo que estarán haciendo ustedes desde
ahora hasta mediados de octubre. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Permítanme compartir una breve
historia de mi familia. My bisabuelo nació en el siglo XIX y murió a la edad de
96 años. Mis dos abuelas tienen 98 años y con una de ellas hablo todos los
sábados por teléfono. Le pregunto por sugerencias para lograr vivir tanto
tiempo en tan buenas condiciones, y siempre responde acerca de la manera como
ella ha cuidado su salud. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Me lleva a preguntarme si
conduzco mi vida de la misma manera saludable o si mis circunstancias y
escogencias van en detrimento de mi longevidad genética. También me lleva a
preguntarme cuan diferente fue el siglo XX que ella vivió de este siglo XXI que
estamos viviendo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Hasta la fecha, cada año de este
siglo XXI la humanidad ha producido más de 30 mil millones de toneladas
métricas de dióxido de carbono, una figura difícil de comprender por su gran
dimensión. Simultáneamente, el planeta ha estado perdiendo hasta 250 mil
kilómetros cuadrados de biomasa fértil por causa de la deforestación, la
erosión de los suelos y la desertificación. Para poner esta cifra en contexto,
es el equivalente a perder toda la cobertura boscosa de Japón cada año. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">No sólo estamos liberando
cantidades excesivamente grandes de un gas altamente tóxico al aire que
respiramos, sino que estamos reduciendo la vegetación que podría limpiar
aquella contaminación a una velocidad asombrosamente acelerada. Me lleva a
preguntarme cuánto más comportamiento humano podrá soportar el planeta.
Estamos, claramente, en curso de colisión. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">La ciencia, aunque limitada en
su capacidad de explicar la extensión del problema, por lo menos ha logrado
probar que las emisiones de dióxido de carbono emitidas por el ser humano a la
atmósfera están alterando patrones climáticos globales, perturbando un balance
que ha permanecido dentro de un rango normal de estabilidad por los últimos
cuatro millones de años. El ritmo de cambio ambiental es más rápido que lo que
ha ocurrido en cualquier otro período geológico hasta ahora registrado. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">---<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Mi definición favorita de
“conflicto” es simplemente una incompatibilidad de metas. Lo que acabo de
describir es un conflicto global que involucra a toda la humanidad y también a
todas las demás formas de vida: no podemos continuar nuestro comportamiento
colectivo si queremos sobrevivir y progresar como civilización en el único
planeta donde tenemos conocimiento que existe vida. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Mi definición favorita de paz,
parafraseando a Johan Galtung, es<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">“la habilidad de transformar conflictos de
manera empática, creativa y armoniosa.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Si la asumimos como válida, esta
definición nos permite enfocarnos en lo que es esencial para transformar
cualquier conflicto, incluso el cambio climático. Lo primero es la empatía
–ponerse en los zapatos del otro- no sólo entre seres humanos, sino también con
otra especies que están en peligro de extinción. Lo segundo es la creatividad.
Einstein dijo que no podemos superar los problemas pensando de la misma manera
como pensábamos cuando caímos en ellos. Así que debemos ser creativos. Y lo tercero
es la armonía, o la sensibilidad para movernos hacia escenarios de prosperidad con
el menor grado posible de violencia o sufrimiento. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">A diferencia de un siglo atrás,
hoy existen ciudadanos globales que ejercitan su liderazgo hacia la
transformación eficaz de los más severos asuntos globales. Ellos están
preocupados e involucrados en asuntos que van más allá de su lugar de
nacimiento, su lugar de residencia o el estado que emitió su pasaporte. Ellos
son los que entienden que lo que sucede en Asia no se queda en Asia, sino que
afecta África, Europa y las Américas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Creo que los ciudadanos globales
comparten, al menos, seis características: comprensión de diferentes estilos de
liderazgo; sensibilidad cultural para ser más adaptables a diferentes entornos
culturales; destrezas de facilitación o mediación en situaciones de conflicto;
técnicas de comunicación efectiva que les permiten expresarse de manera
asertiva; destrezas de negociación; y un sentido de ética global, o claridad
acerca de la virtud y del bien en todo contexto cultural. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Todos ustedes son ciudadanos
globales, así sea que eligieron serlo o no. También creo que en el transcurso
de las próximas cinco semanas, se encontrarán en varias situaciones con sus
compañeros, en las cuales se percatarán de que están activamente vinculados
como ciudadanos globales, lidiando con asuntos que quizás no les eran
familiares esta mañana. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Lo que me resulta más fascinante
sobre la ciudadanía global es que es un proceso continuo de aprendizaje que
nunca concluye. Siempre se puede aprender más, estudiar más, escuchar más y
crecer más. Sean conscientes, a lo largo de esta experiencia académica, de
cuánto se consolidará su ciudadanía global entre colegas de diferentes países,
y quizás más importante, viviendo en una de las ciudades más globales del
mundo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">La reciente designación de Tokio
como la ciudad que hospedará los Juegos Olímpicos del 2020 es una confirmación
de su relevancia mundial. Además, la revista Fortune señala a Tokio como la
segunda ciudad más global del mundo en términos de impacto económico e
influencia política de las decisiones que se toman aquí, sobre todo por casi 50
de las corporaciones más grandes del mundo cuyas sedes centrales están ubicadas
en esta ciudad. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Tokio no sólo ofrece una
oportunidad única de expandir su ciudadanía global. De acuerdo con el Índice de
Paz Global, Japón está entre los diez países más pacíficos del orbe. Es un
hecho aún más llamativo si consideramos que 125 millones de personas viven en
un país que tiene 72% de cobertura boscosa, lo cual deja apenas una pequeña
fracción del territorio para asentamientos humanos. Ante tan alta densidad
demográfica, es impresionante que el nivel de conflicto y violencia sea tan
bajo en Japón. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">¿Qué han hecho diferente los
japoneses en comparación con otros países del mundo? Los dejo con esta pregunta
para que exploren en las próximas semanas con sus colegas. Confío en que
descubrirán elementos que enriquecerán sus comunidades en sus países de origen.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">---<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Reflexiono acerca de las
definiciones de conflicto y paz que introduje anteriormente. Los ciudadanos
globales deben crear conciencia de que la humanidad no podrá transformar los
conflictos globales por medio del uso de la fuerza militar. Cada año, el mundo
gasta en conjunto 1.7 billones de dólares (en inglés, <i>trillion</i>) en gasto armamentista. Esto es diez veces más de lo que
las Naciones Unidas considera necesario cada año para invertir en adaptación al
cambio climático y al cumplimiento de las Metas de Desarrollo del Milenio
conjuntamente. Aún más absurdo es que ninguna catástrofe relacionada con el
clima puede ser detenida con armas de guerra. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Ya hay militares de alto rango
confirmando lo que los ecologistas han sugerido por décadas, que una de las
principales amenazas a la paz y a la seguridad en los años venideros es el
cambio climático. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Por lo tanto, lo que requerimos
es un tipo especial de paz: una paz con la naturaleza. Debemos recuperar la
biocapacidad planetaria y su capacidad para generar todos los recursos
naturales que consumimos cada día en cada rincón del mundo. Debemos ser
empáticos hacia otras formas de vida y preservar la abundante riqueza de los
bosques que aún existen, la mayoría de los cuales se encuentran en países en
vías de desarrollo en el sureste asiático, África y América Latina. Debemos
innovar hacia una mayor eficiencia energética, incluyendo fuentes renovables de
electricidad, tecnologías para ciudades inteligentes que permitan una mayor
calidad de vida con una menor demanda energética, y un manejo más eficiente de
otros recursos naturales y materias primas no renovables. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Soy fiel creyente de que podemos
hacer lo requerido para alcanzar esta paz con la naturaleza. Sugiero que
podemos lograrlo por medio de la bioalfabetización, que es la habilidad de
entender el lenguaje de la vida, como el ciclo del agua, el ciclo del carbono,
el proceso de fertilidad que describen todos los ecosistemas naturales, la
comprensión de la huella ecológica humana en el planeta y las múltiples y
enormes oportunidades de desarrollo de infraestructura verde de manera que
resulte financiera, social y ecológicamente sostenible. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Esto no es solamente pensamiento
desiderativo. Desde el 2011, la OCDE –Organización para la Cooperación y el
Desarrollo Económico- ha propuesto el crecimiento verde como una política
internacional de desarrollo económico. Un día, en el futuro, el crecimiento
verde nos llegará. No esperemos a que llegue ese día. ¡Lleguemos nosotros
primero! Utilicemos nuestra ciudadanía global, nuestras destrezas de liderazgo,
técnicas y orientación ética para aprovechar las ventajas que representa el
crecimiento verde en este siglo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Somos la única generación en la
civilización humana que ha enfrentado un desafío global de tan inmensas
proporciones. Las oportunidades de transformación están ante nuestros ojos.
Todo lo que requerimos es entender el conflicto para entender las maneras de
resolverlo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Permítanme compartir otra
reflexión personal. En dos meses, mi esposa dará a luz a nuestro primogénito.
Si este bebé tiene la misma longevidad genética de mis ancestros, significa que
él o ella tendrá 87 años al celebrarse la llegada del siglo XXII. Ninguno de
nosotros en este auditorio estará vivo entonces, pero probablemente mi hijo sí
lo estará, y muy probablemente sus hijos también. Tengo claro que represento un
puente en mi familia entre los siglos XIX y XXII. Es por ello que, para mí, el
cambio global ambiental es un asunto personal. Es una batalla que he elegido
luchar, y los insto a que hagan lo mismo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Deseo terminar con una frase de
un libro que leí la semana pasada y me hizo pensar en ustedes: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">“La inspiración es algo mágico,
un multiplicador de la productividad, un motivador. Pero no los esperará. La
inspiración es una cuestión del ahora. Si los atrapa, atrápenla de vuelta y
pónganla a trabajar.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Muchas gracias. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">Tokio, Japón<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD">9 de setiembre, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-88621513048630632482013-09-09T13:29:00.000+09:002013-09-09T22:06:47.282+09:00Opening Remarks at Inauguration Session, United Nations University<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Opening Remarks</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
United Nations University</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Professor
Dr. David Malone, Rector at UNU, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Professor
Dr. Kazuhiko Takeuchi-san, Vice-rector and director of the Peace and
Sustainability Institute, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Distinguished
government officials, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Fellow
members of the diplomatic corps, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
UNU
students, faculty and staff, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Dear
friends, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Good
morning. I thank you all for being here. I have prepared a few words with a
special dedication to the students that start today a five-week intensive
course that will certainly transform your lives in many ways. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Last
year I had the privilege of attending the closing event, where students like
you presented their group projects to a guest panel of which I was a part of,
and it struck me how much knowledge was invested by the participants to create
ideas that would not have existed otherwise. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
It
was a very good example of creation of shared value: to bring your individual strengths
together in order to give life to something that you would not have been able to
create individually or separately. It is a precise illustration of synergy. I
believe this is what you are here to do from now until mid October. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Allow
me to share a brief story about my family. My great-grandfather was born in the
XIX Century and passed away at the age of 96. My relatives say I inherited his
big hands and I guess that’s why I decided not to become a dentist. My two
grandmothers are 98 years old. With one of them I speak every Saturday on the
phone. I like to ask her for suggestions about how she has managed to live for
so long in such good condition, and her reply is always along the lines of how
she took care of her health. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
It
makes me wonder if I conduct myself in the same healthy way or if my
circumstances and choices are detrimental to my genetic longevity. It also
makes me wonder how different her XX Century was from this XXI Century we live
in. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Every
year of this XXI Century so far, humanity has produced in excess of 30 billion
metric tons of carbon dioxide, a figure too big to understand. Simultaneously,
the planet has been losing as much as a quarter of a million square kilometers of
fertile biomass through deforestation, soil erosion and desertification. To put
this figure into context, it is the equivalent of losing all of Japan’s forest
coverage every year. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Not
only are we releasing excessively large amounts of a highly toxic gas into the
very air we breathe, but also the vegetation that could clean such pollution is
being reduced at an astoundingly accelerated speed. It makes me wonder how much
more human behavior can the planet sustain. We are, clearly, on a collision
course. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Science,
although limited in its ability to explain the extent of the problem, at least
has proof that human-made CO2 emissions in the atmosphere are altering global
climatic patterns, disrupting a balance that has remained within a normal range
of stability for the last 4 million years. The pace of environmental change is
faster than it has occurred at any other period in recorded geological history.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
---</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
My favorite
definition of “conflict” is simply an incompatibility of goals. What I just
described is a global conflict that involves all of humankind and also all
other forms of life: we cannot continue our collective behavior if we want to
survive and thrive as a civilization on the only planet known to science where
life exists. This is the greatest and gravest conflict humankind has ever
faced, especially due to the vast extent of its consequences.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
My
favorite definition of peace, paraphrasing Johan Galtung, is </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
“the ability to
transform conflicts empathically, creatively and harmoniously.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
If
we assume it as valid, it helps us focus on what is essential in order to
transform any conflict, even climate change. The first one is empathy -which is
to stand on someone else’s shoes- not only among us humans, but also with other
species that are threatened with extinction. The second one is creativity.
Einstein said we could not overcome our problems thinking in the same way we
did when we fell into them. So we must be creative. And the third one is
harmony, or the sensitivity to move towards scenarios of prosperity with the
least possible violence or suffering. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Unlike
100 years ago, today there are global citizens that can exercise their
leadership towards effectively transforming the most severe global issues. These
are the people concerned and involved in issues that go beyond their place of
birth, their place of residence or the state that issued their passport. It is
the people that understand that what happens in Asia, does not stay in Asia,
but affects Africa, Europe and the Americas. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
I
believe that global citizens share, at least, six characteristics: an
understanding of different leadership styles; cultural sensitivity to better
adapt to different cultural settings; the capability to facilitate or mediate
in situations of conflict; effective communication techniques that allow them
to express themselves assertively; negotiation skills; and a sense of global
ethics, or clarity about virtue and good in all cultural contexts. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
I
believe all of you are global citizens, whether you chose to become or not. I also
believe that in the course of the coming five weeks, you will come across many situations
with your peers where you will realize that you are actively engaging as global
citizens dealing with issues that were unfamiliar to you this morning. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
What
I find most fascinating about global citizenship is that it is an ongoing learning
process that is never finished. You can always learn more, study more, listen
more, and grow more. Be aware, throughout this academic experience, how much
you will be consolidating your global citizenship among your colleagues from
different countries, and perhaps most importantly, living in one of the most
global cities in the world. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Yesterday’s
designation of Tokyo as the hosting city of the 2020 Olympics is a confirmation
of its relevance worldwide. Moreover, Fortune magazine ranks Tokyo as the second
most global city in the world in terms of the economic impact and political influence
of the decisions that are made here by 47 of the largest corporations in the
world whose headquarters are located in the city. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Not
only Tokyo offers a unique opportunity to expand your global citizenship.
According to the Global Peace Index, Japan ranks in the top 10 most peaceful
nations on Earth. This is a more remarkable fact considering that 125 million
people live in a country that has up to 72% forest coverage, which leaves only
a small fraction of the territory for human settlements. Given such high
demographic density, it is impressive that the level of conflict and violence
is so low in Japan. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
What
have the Japanese done differently compared to other countries in the world? I
leave you with this question so you explore in the coming weeks with your
colleagues. I am confident you will discover elements that will enrich your
communities back home. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
---</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Reflecting
back on the definitions of conflict and peace that I introduced before, global
citizens shall become mindful that humankind will not be able to transform
global conflicts through military force. Every year, the world spends
collectively US$1.7 trillion dollars in military armament. This <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=35672045" name="_GoBack"></a>is ten times larger than what the United Nations suggests is
necessary every year to invest in climate change adaptation and the completion
of the Millennium Development Goals together. To make it more absurd, no
climate-related catastrophe can be stopped with weapons. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Even
military generals are now confirming what ecologists have been suggesting for
decades, that one of the biggest threats to peace and security in the coming
years is climate change. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Therefore,
what we need is a special kind of peace: a peace with nature. We must recover
the planet’s biocapacity and its ability to generate all the natural resources
we consume every day in every corner of the world. We must be empathic towards
other life forms and preserve the rich forests that still stand, most of which are
in developing countries in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. We must
innovate towards greater energy efficiency, including renewable sources of
electricity, smart city technologies to allow for a greater quality of life
with a lower demand of energy, and a more efficient management of other
non-renewable natural resources and raw materials. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
I
strongly believe we can do what is required to achieve such peace with nature.
I suggest that we can get there through bioliteracy, or the ability to understand
the language of life, like the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the fertility
process that describes all natural ecosystems, the comprehension of human’s
ecological footprint on the planet and the many huge opportunities to develop
green infrastructure in a way that is financially, socially and environmentally
sustainable. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
This
is not just wishful thinking. Since 2011, the OECD -Organization of Economic Cooperation
and Development- has been proposing green growth as an international policy for
economic growth. One day in the near future, green growth will come to us. Let’s
not wait for that day. Let’s go to it! Let’s utilize our global citizenship,
our leadership skills, techniques, and ethics to take the advantages that green
growth represents for this Century. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
We
are the only generation in human civilization that has faced a global challenge
of such proportions. The opportunities for transformation are right before our
eyes. All we need is to understand the conflict in order to understand the ways
to solve it. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Allow
me to share another personal reflection. In two months, my wife will give birth
to our first child. If my child has the same genetic longevity of my ancestors,
this means he or she will be 87 years old at the turn of the XXII Century. None
of us in this room will be alive then, but probably my child will, and more
likely, his or her children will too. I am aware that I represent a bridge in
my family between the XIX and the XXII centuries. This is why, to me, global
environmental change is personal. It is a battle I choose to fight, and I encourage
you do the same. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Let
me finish with a quote from a book I read last week that made me think of you: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
"Inspiration is a magical
thing, a productivity multiplier, a motivator. But it won't wait for you.
Inspiration is a NOW thing. If it grabs you, grab it right back and put it to
work." <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Thank you. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Tokyo,
Japan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Sept.
9<sup>th</sup>, 2013</div>
<!--EndFragment-->Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35672045.post-55579150122056224532013-08-06T18:31:00.001+09:002013-08-06T18:31:18.714+09:00Hiroshima: 68 years of peace<div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">For those of us who cherish peace and forge it through our work, being in Hiroshima at the official ceremony to commemorate the atomic bomb detonation is a rare honor that obliges deep reflection and sharing the lessons that this event reminds us year on year. </span></div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div>War had already been bloody enough. Which war is not? There was rampant poverty, hopelessness about the somber future and combat carried on. T</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.296875); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77, 128, 180, 0.230469); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; ">hroughout the night before, </span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; ">sirens went off announcing the threat of bombing, frightening the entire city of 400,000 inhabitants. Hiroshima was one of the few Japanese cities that had not been bombed yet. The night went by without incidents and by dawn the sirens had gone mute. It must have been an ominous silence. </span><div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><br></span></div><div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">At 8:15 that morning, when people tried to go back to normal on a state of war that had already prolonged for too many years in Japan, four bomber airplanes flew over the city and one of them released which would become the first atomic bomb over a territory inhabited by humans. </span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">The bomb detonated at 600 meters above ground level. It created a dome of fire that burned the city to the ground within a radius of one mile from the hypocenter, with temperatures exceeding 7000 degrees Fahrenheit. Everything within that radius was vaporized or charred to ashes in two seconds. A great light, a great rumble, followed by a deep darkness and a sepulchral silence, literally. </span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">Survivors were immersed in a vast confusion, unaware of what had happened with it all. Burned to the bones, many died begging a drink of water by nightfall. Others battled for days or months to a painful, gruesome death. By December of 1945, 140,000 inhabitants of this city had died as a direct result of the atomic explosion. </span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">The sequels of the bombing are still felt today. Thousands of orphaned children, tens of thousands with unknown diseases resulting from the radiation that were denominated "A-bomb diseases", and the vast majority, victims of discrimination by others who feared they were contaminated by radioactivity. </span></div><div><br></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">Almost two generations have gone by and the memory of that day still reflects the absurdity of war. Men work intensely to make innocent and defenseless women and children suffer and die. That is the measure of "progress" during the campaign. All available resources are consumed, above all, the best minds and hands of the best youngsters, to continue shooting, attacking, invading, scoring Pyrrhic victories. To ask who wins a war is like asking who wins an earthquake or a hurricane. </span></div><div><br></div><div>At the official ceremony today, there was an initial offering of water for the victims of that day that died of thirst, burned inside and out. Five black birds, as lugubrious self-invited guests, flew over the cenotaph in honor of the victims to the sound of mournful, solemn and shivery music. </div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">As commented by Mr Keijiro Matsushima, a survivor of the atomic bomb who was 16 at the time, the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 was equivalent to a third nuclear bomb for Japan, mainly to the thousands of local inhabitants that have been permanently displaced from their lands, their homes, their communities. "We were unprepared for the use of nuclear energy, even for peaceful purposes," he added. </span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">Therefore, atomic energy, employed for good or evil, confirms the absurdity of its detructive power. The fact that there are countries still trying to develop those technologies or sharing them with others, or those who trade raw materials for radioactive uses to generate this source of energy is, apart from a shame for civilization, a constant threat that looms over humanity and that threatens all life on the planet. </span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">This is my bias, partly for being a peace activist, partly for being a citizen of the demilitarized Republic of Costa Rica. It takes a great deal of courage to abolish a military army like my country did 65 years ago. I suggest it requires equal bravery to abolish and eradicate nuclear weapons and nuclear energy from the face of the Earth. All our leaders must possess this courage. </span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">I repeat the words imprinted forever at the Atomic Bomb Museum here in Hiroshima on October 6, 1990, by Dr. Oscar Arias Sanchez, Nobel Peace Laureate:</span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br></span></div><div><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">"I wish that all the men and women in the world would engrave in their minds the artifacts in this museum so that such a tragedy will never be repeated. Because there are no borders for peace, all humankind must work together to secure it."</span></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-5fMbn107PCI/UgDCZALt_CI/AAAAAAAAFDk/pU20fiV7HVc/s640/blogger-image--109913551.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-5fMbn107PCI/UgDCZALt_CI/AAAAAAAAFDk/pU20fiV7HVc/s640/blogger-image--109913551.jpg"></a></div></div>Alvaro Cedeno Molinarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01971334044188860445noreply@blogger.com0RIHGA Royal Hotel Hiroshima 6−78 Motomachi, HiroshimaNaka Ward34.397399 132.458739